Social integration

However, what is it about social status and social integration that makes them so important to health One proposal is that social status indicates social capital, and that it is a person s social capital which is most important to health. Wilkinson rejects this hypothesis, stating that social capital is an epiphenomenon and that we still have to identify the causal factors underlying it (Wilkinson 1999, p. 52). 

We are left with many questions still unanswered. What is it about social status and social integration that makes them so important to health What are the main sources of chronic anxiety, and what are their effects on health (This is an especially promising question, since we already have a good idea about why stress affects health (Sapolsky, 1998).) What is the association between income inequality and homicide (Homicide can account for half the variation in mortality rates between states.) How does inequality affect emotional development in early life ... 

Allen, W. R., Wallace, J. (2001). Black college students Achievement, social integration, and aspirations. In J. O. B. Ura L. Morris (Eds), One-Third of a Nation African American Perspectives (pp. 363-379). Washington, DC Howard University Press. 

Building upon the hypothesis that deep and meaningful social relationships have a protective role against neurosis, Henderson et al. (1980) developed the interview schedule for social interaction (ISSI). Six benefits were believed to be found in a meaningful relationship including (1) a sense of attachment and security, (2) social integration, (3) provision of reassurance as to one s personal worth, (4) a sense of reliable alliance, (5) the opportunity to... 

Based on Henderson et al. s work, an abbreviated version of the ISSI has been developed by Unden and Orth-Gomer (1989) which contains two dimensions availability of social integration (AVSI) and availability of attachment (AVA). The AVSI measures superficial relationships and support. It simply focuses on the quantity or number of relationships which would be a weak predictor of future psychological health. However, the AVA measures the availability of deep relationships with close friends, family members and spouses who could provide emotional support. The AVA purports to be a good predictor of resistance to psychological stress. 

Belongingness and social integration (companionship, being part of a group) ... 

Wilensky, H. (i960), "Work, careers, and social integration," International Social Science Journal 12,543-60. 

Evaluation of these aftercare programmes has been promising and drop-out rates are low. Maybe even more than for those leaving drug treatment, support for drugusing prisoners on release is essential, both in order to avoid overdoses and to promote social integration. 

Active social policies are deemed necessary to provide citizens with the resources needed in order to achieve labour market and social integration. Active citizenship strategies of this kind are mostly found in Scandinavia. 

Van dta Vegt, G. S., Bunderson, S., Kuipers, B. (2010). Why turnover mattos in self-managing work teams Learning, social integration, and task flexibility. Journal of Management, 36(5), 1168-1191. 

---