Snow storages

Skogsberg, K., andB.Nordell, 2001. The Sundsvall Hospital Snow Storage, Cold Regions Sci. Technol. 32, 63-70. 

Figure 186. An application for snow storage to rice storage...

Figure 200. Outline of different snow storage methods from left to right indoors, on ground, in open ponds/pits, and under ground...

Snow is normally defined as precipitation formed of ice crystals and ice as solid water with hexagonal structure and density about 920 kg m-3. In snow storage the main issue is to have enough amounts of frozen water at low cost why the only relevant distinction is the density. If natural snow or ice is too expensive or not available in enough quantity, it is possible to produce frozen water. Artificial snow and ice made with different types of water sprayers, including snow blowers (snow guns). The production rate depends on equipment, relative air humidity, and temperatures of the air and water. 

Figure 201. Natural snow melt in open pond snow storage...

The snow storage was built in 1998/1999. It is a shallow watertight pond (130-64 m) with slightly sloping (about 1%) asphalt surface, Figure 203. The... 

Weather Air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, solar radiation, air velocity and wind direction were measured by a weather station at the snow storage pump house. The summers of 2000-2004 were warmer and rainier than mean summer of 1961-1990. In 2002 the summer mean temperature was 4.1°C warmer than the average year. In 2001 and 2002... 

TABLE 25. Monthly mean temperatures and total monthly precipitation during the cooling seasons of 2000-2004 at the Sundsvall Regional Hospital Snow Storage. Mean values between 1961-1990 are from the Sundsvall airport 30 km away... 

Environment A number of melt water quality analyses of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, oxygen demands, and nutrients were made. From September 2001 to September 2002 measurements were made in the snow storage, in the stream where melt water is discharged and in the recipient, totally at seven locations. Reference measurements were made at a nearby location not affected by the outlet water. The results were compared with Swedish environmental quality criteria (SEPA, 1990 SEPA, 1999). 

The boundary conditions for snow storages on ground are social, political, economical, environmental, natural and system related. 

Skogsberg, K., 2005. Seasonal Snow Storage for Space and Process Cooling, Doctoral Thesis 2005 30, ISSN 1402-1544, Division of Architecture and Infrastructure, Lulea University of Technology. 

Tsuang, B.J. and J.A. Dracup, 1991 Effect of Global Warming on Sierra Nevada Mountain Snow Storage, Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, Juneau, Alaska, April 12-15,1991, Fifty-Ninth Annual Meeting, 17-27. 

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