John Snow

W. R. Barger, Hank Wohltjen, Arthur W. Snow, John Lint2, and Neldon L. Jarvis3 Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5000... 

The cholera epidemic that reached Europe and North America in the early 1830s killed more than 20,000 people in England. It was during this epidemic that Queen Victoria s personal physician, Dr. John Snow, removed the handle from the polluted Broad Street pump in London in the first recorded, appropriate measure to prevent waterborne disease. 

Snow J (1855) On the mode of communication of Cholera. John Churchill... 

Scientists have found a way to insert into a potato a gene that generates the protein the cholera bacterium uses to bind its toxin to cells in the gut. A person who eats this potato will form antibodies to the protein, antibodies that would recognize and destroy the binding protein should cholera bacteria be encountered. Based on animal studies, we can say that one such cooked potato a week for a month, along with periodic boosters, should do the job. It would be especially appropriate if they served such potatoes in the John Snow pub. Actually,... 

Kawasumi, Shohachi, 71 Kimura, Shinji, 101 Kondo, Tatsuhei, 373 Krull, U. J., 351 Li, Zheng, 177 Lint, John, 155,309 Logothetis, E. M., 136 Miura, Norio, 203 Nakashima, Masayo, 71 Naruse, Hirotoshi, 373 Ohkura, Kunitoshi, 373 Seiyama, Tetsuro, 39,83,203 Senturia, Stephen D., 166 Shimizu, Yasuhiro, 83 Shiokawa, Jiro, 121 Snow, Arthur W., 155,309,320 Steed, Allan J., 217 Stetter, Joseph R., 299 Takao, Hiroshi, 101 Thompson, M., 351 Van der Spiegel, Jan, 2 Wetzel, David L., 271 Wohltjen, Hank, 155,309 Wong, H. E., 351 Yamazoe, Noboru, 39,203 Young, Jein C., 2 Zemel, Jay N., 2... 

An innovative aspect of this course, which was nominally chemical and biological in emphasis, included medical geography and epidemiology to analyze the spread of avian flu. This activity reinforced the idea, very early in a student s career, that health-related issues are inherently complex and multidisciplinary in nature, extending beyond the STEM disciplines to the social sciences. In the spirit of John Snow, the father of... 

Harbor sediment, road surface sweep, road-side snow pile, and sewer effluent. Also shown for comparison is the average (18 samples) PAH of sediments from a separate harbor outside of the St. John s Harbor watershed (Conception Bay). 

Some of the first steps toward understanding how the basic corpuscles of matter behaved came from what might seem like an unlike source meteorology. John Dalton (1766-1844), bom in Manchester, began to study weather in 1787. He also studied Newton s Principia and as a result was conversant with the concept of the inverse square law. Newton had used it to show that the attraction of gravity decreased as the square of the distance between objects. This mathematical relationship also applied to a range of other physical phenomena, such as luminosity. When considering questions about precipitation— why there was fog, rain, and snow—he discovered that the quantity of water vapor in a gas was independent of the type of gas but dependent on the temperature of the gas. 

Ebnesajjad, S. Snow, L.G. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Ed. John Wiley Sons, Inc. New York, 1994 Vol. 11, 683-694. 

Sauer. John C., 3 Schaefer. John P 15 Schorc. Neil E.. 40 Schulenberg, J. W., 14 Schweizer, Edward E., 13 Scott. William J.. 50 Scribner. R. M.. 21 Sccbergcr, Peter H., 68 Semmelhack. Martin F 19 Sengupta, Saumitra, 41 Sethna. Suresh. 7 Shapiro. Robert H.. 23 Sharts, Clay M.. 12. 21 Sheehan, John C.. 9 Sheldon. Roger A.. 19 Sheppard. W. A.. 21 Shibasaki. Masakatsu. 70 Shirley, David A.. 8 Shriner, Ralph L.. I Simmons. Howard E 20 Simonoff, Robert. 7 Slowinski. Franck. 68 Smith, Lee Irvin. I Smith. Peter A. S., 3, 11 Smithers. Roger. 37 Snow. Sheri L 66 Spielman. M. A.. 3 Spoeni, Paul E., 5 Stacey, F. W 13 Stadler. Alexander. 63 Stanforth. Stephen P.. 49. 56 Stetter. Hermann. 40 Struve, W. S., 1 Suter. C. M 3 Swamer. Frederic W.. 8 Swem. Daniel. 7... 

Historically, epidemiology was the study of epidemics. One of the earliest studies was British physician John Snow s identification of contaminated water from the Thames River as the source of cholera during 1853-1854. This led to the eradication of cholera... 

Mycobactins, Growth factors for Mycobacterium para tuberculosis (M, johnei). the organism responsible for Johne s disease in cattle. Mycobactins are structurally complex niderophores (microbial iron chelators). At least nine mycobactins, designated with the letters A, R H, M. N, P R S, and T have been isolated from various non-pathogenic species of Mycobacterium. Earlier studies were actually on mycobactin P see isoln from M. phlei Francis et al. Nature 163, 365 (1949) eidem. Biochem. J. 55, 596 (1953) structure Snow ibid. 94, 160 (1965), Separation and identification of mycobactins White, Snow, ibid. 108, 593 (1968) 111, 785 (1969). Chemical and biological properties eidem. ibid. 

Gopaldas, T. 1995. India s control programs for iron deficiency anemia in preschool children Past, present, and future. In Nestel, R, Ed. Proceedings of conference on iron interventions for child survival, opportunities for micronutrient interventions. London, United Kingdom John Snow Inc. 

---