Smoke signature

For optimizing pressure wave propagation FAE are ignited similar to nuclear-weapons in a defined distance above ground zero. So they often produce an atomic-mushroom-like smoke signature and blast characteristics making them look like mini Nukes . 

Despite a favourable price, high security and stability when stored separately these explosive mixtures got no civilian market due to the handling problems of hydrazine hydrate (corrosive, toxic). It can be used as a liquid, cold burning monergole propellant (- Monergol) with low smoke signature. Japanese and US- institutions have worked on similar mixtures for the use in ship artillery (- Liquid Propellants). 

Since the sudden and total obscuration of the light beam is not a typical smoke signature, the detector will normally see this as a fault condition, rather than an alarm. This minimizes the possibility of an unwanted alarm due to the blockage of the beam by a solid object, such as a sign or ladder, being inadvertendy placed in the beam path. 

Classification of Propellents Based on Exhaust Properties. Based on the exhaust properties, solid propellants can be classified as smoky, reduced smoke, minimum smoke, or minimum signature propellants. The description of these categories are listed as follows ... 

Minimum Signature. Propellants whose exhaust characteristics are tailored to give not only minimum smoke properties, but also to have low visible, ultraviolet, or infrared emissions are termed minimum signature propellants. Minimum signature propellants are of interest from the standpoints of launch site and missile detectability and from considerations of through-plume guidance. 

Overall, these data raise the possibility that most of the mutations in breast cancer might have a spontaneous origin, but that a small proportion of them bear signatures that suggest the involvement of exogenous carcinogens such as those present in tobacco smoke. These proposals await scrutiny by the analysis of large cohorts with defined exposure histories. 

Hainaut, P. and Pfeifer, G.P., Patterns of p53 G->T transversions in lung cancers reflect the primary mutagenic signature of DNA-damage by tobacco smoke. Carcinogenesis, 22, 367, 2001. 

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