Smoke carbonaceous solid particles

Carbonaceous solid particles that produce black smoke, often called soot. 

Degradation and decomposition. The evolving products are combustible gases and vapours, liquids, entrained solid particles as smoke, and solid carbonaceous residue. Thermal decomposition is affected by the decomposition temperature, by the endothermic or exothermic character of the decomposition, and by the decomposition mechanism of the polymer. 

Smoke Carbonaceous particles usually less than 0.1 micron in size. The result of incomplete combustion may contain both liquid and solid particles. 

Smoke - The gaseous products of the burning of carbonaceous materials made visible by the presence of small particles of carbon, the small particles which are of liquid or solid consistency, are produced as a by product of insufficient air supplies to a combustion process. 

Inside carbonaceous-smoke clouds, the Cn value is considered as unvariable, which is too rough an approximation. The problem of the optical characteristics of StA, with due regard to its porosity, has been considered in [11]. If <]> is the solid-phase part (EC) of the particle s volume, and m and rrn complex refractive indices for EC and air, then the complex refractive index for a soot particle, ntp is expressed by the formula ... 

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