Smectic B liquid crystal

The so ealled a phase of the fatty alcohols is a thermotropic type smectic B liquid crystal with a hexagonal arrangement of the moleeules within the double layers. It is initially formed from the melt during the manufaeturing proeess and normally transformed into a erystalline modifleation on eooling. However, the erystallization of the gel matrix ean be avoided if the a phase ean be kept stable as it eools to room temperature. This ean be achieved by eombining appropriate surfaetants, such as myristyl or lauryl alcohol and cholesterol, a mixture of whieh forms a lamellar liquid... 

Figure 4.28 Schematic representation of (a) nematic (b) chiral nematic and (c) smectic A liquid crystals.

Figure 13.21 Apparent moduli G (closed symbols) and G" (open symbols) as functions of frequency at a strain amplitude of 10% for (a) a PS-PI lamellar block copolymer and (b) a smectic-A liquid crystal, 8CB. In both (a) and (b), the curves labeled MD are macroscopically disordered, or unaligned, states...

Figure 1.27. Typical dislocations (a, b) and disclinations (c-f) in smectic A liquid crystals. (From Kurik Lavrentovich, 1988.)...

Shashidhar R and Ratna B R 1989 Phase-transitions and critical phenomena in polar smectic-A liquid-crystals— plenary lecture Liq. Cryst. 5 421-42... 

J.B. Fournier, G. Durand, Focal conic faceting in smectic-A liquid crystals. J. Phys. II Fr 1, 845-870 (1991)... 

Sadashiva, B. K. Reddy, R. A. Pratibha, R. Madhusudana, N. V. Biaxial smectic A liquid crystal in a pure compound. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2140-2141. 

Le Bamy, P, and Dubois, J. C., The chiral smectic C liquid crystal side chain polymers. in Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers (C. B. McArdle, ed.), Blackie, Glasgow, 1989, pp. 130-158. 

Figure 2.8. (a) Smectic C liquid crystal (b) Resulting X-ray diffraction pattern. 

Zalar B, Lavrentovich OD, Zeng H, Finotello D (2000) Deuteron NMR investigation of a photomechanical effect in a smectic-A liquid crystal. Phys Rev E 62 2252-2262... 

Polyimide aligned ferroelectric smectic C liquid crystals. Figures 1 and 3, B.O. Myrvold, Liquid Crystals, 4 (6), p. 637 (1989). Reproduced by permission of Taylor Francis. 

Halperin B.I., Lubensky T.C., and Ma Shang-Keng. First-order phase transitions in superconductors and smectic-a liquid crystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 32 no. 6 (1974) 292-295. 

Work in other display areas has of course occurred. Through the seminal work of R. B. Meyer and the research of Clark and Lagerwall [55] on surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal devices based on chiral smectic C liquid crystal materials, the potential for ferroelectric devices has been fully explored in recent years. With their faster switching capability, they are attractive, and the difficulties over addressing schemes and the manufacture of ferroelectric displays will perhaps soon be overcome to give the marketplace a further liquid crystal device. 

Figure 4. Field-induced changes in order parameters for a smectic A liquid crystal. Q, orientational order parameter curves ag, bg, and cq show the temperature dependence of Q at various fields. R, order parameter describing the coupling of translational and orientational order, curves Ug, b, and show the temperature dependence of R. The field increases from curves a to curves c and results in a change in the N-C transition from first to second order [24],...

The force embedded in a flowing smectic A liquid crystal was calculated by de Gennes. In the absence of emission of dislocations, the force F acting on a sphere of radius R has the same form as of Stokes law of an ordinary fluid (see Appendix B), except that the multiplying factor 6 becomes 8. 

B. I. Halperin and T. C. Lubensky, On the Analogy Between Smectic-A Liquid Crystals and Superconductors, Solid State Comm., 14, p. 997 (1974). 

Pal Majumder T, Mitra M, Roy SK (1994) Dielectric relaxation and rotational viscosity of a ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture. Phys Rev E 50(6) 4976-4800 Petit M, Daoudi A, Ismaili M, Buisine JM (2006) Electroclinic effect in a chiral smectic-A liquid crystal stabilized by an anisotropic polymer network. Phys Rev E 74 061707 Petit M, Hemine J, Daoudi A, Ismaili M, Buisine JM, Da Costa A (2009) Effect of the network density on dynamics of the soft mode and the Goldstone modes in short-pitch ferroelectric liquid crystals stabihzed by an anisotropic polymer network. Phys Rev E 79 031705 Pirs J, Blinc R, Marin B, Pirs S, Doane JW (1995) Polymer network volume stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal displays. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 264 155-163 Polyanin AD, Zaitsev VF (2003) Handbook of exact solutions for ordinary differential equations, 2nd edn. Chapman Hall, Boca Raton... 

Figure 4.11. (a) A smectic-A liquid crystal, (b) A liquid crystal that exhibits smectic-C, smectic-A, and nematic phases, (c) Molecular structure of a ferroelectric liquid crystal. 

Figure 217 Temperature-composition phase diagram for a mixture of polymer and smectic-A liquid crystal for a = 8 and for y = 0.7 (a) and y = 0.85 (b) [33]. Reprinted with permission from Reference [33]. Copyright (1998) American Institute of Physics.

Figure 1.4 Schematic diagrams of (a) smectic A and (b) smectic C liquid crystals. The molecules are equidistantly spaced in layers as shown. In i ectic A the director n is perpendicular t he layers while in smectic C the director makes an angle 0 to the local layer normal. ...

R.E. Geer, S.J. Singer, J.V. Selinger, B.R. Ratna and R. Shashidhar, Electric-field-induced layer buckling in chiral smectic-A liquid crystals, Phys. Rev. E, 57, 3059-3062 (1998). 

Fig. 2.2 Typical liquid crysUilline molecules and their self-oiganized aggregates. Rod-like molecules form (a) the nematic phase and/or (b) smectic mesophases. Liquid crystal molecules orient in a given direction but have no positional order in the nematic phase, and they are arranged in layers in the smectic phases. Disc-hke molecules form (c) the nematic phase and (d) ate self-organized into columns in the columnar phases...

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