Small-angle scattering of neutrons

Hoinkis E. Small-angle scattering of neutrons and x-rays from carbons and graphites. In Thrower PA, ed. Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, vol. 25, New York Marcel Dekker. 1997 71-241. 

Small-Angle Scattering of Neutrons and X-rays from Carbons and Graphites, Ernst Hoinkis... 

Fig. 7.5. Structure function of H, H1 and //" determined by small-angle scattering of neutrons (polystyrene sulphonate, = 2 x 105, p = 0.04 g/cm3). (From Nierlich, Boue, Lapp, and Oberthur.14)...

Run] Small angle scattering of neutrons Ageing of a martensite Fe-25% Ni-0.7% C formed at 77 K... 

As alluded to above, the small angle scattering of neutrons arises from the fluctuations of the scattering length densities within a material. We now gen-erahze to multi-component systems. In this case and under the assumption of incompressibihty, the macroscopic cross-section is given by ... 

Winter, R. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron small-angle scattering of lyotropic lipid mesophases, model membrane and proteins in solution at high pressure. Biochimica et Bio-physica Acta 2002, 1595, 160-184. 

Figure 2.13 Schematic elastic scattering curve of a spherical colloid (e.g. a microemulsion droplet) in solution. As a rule of thumb q 1 is an approximate measure for the spatial resolution of the used scattering experiment. At low values of q (i.e. in the Cuinier region of the scattering curve) the overall size and shape of the particles as well as correlations between different particles can be monitored (typically by static and dynamic light scattering). At high values q, the internal structure of the particles, i.e. the local structure of the interfacial film is resolved (e.g. by neutron or X-ray small angle scattering and neutron spin-echo spectroscopy (NSE)).

All the structures shown in Fig. 40 have in fact been seen in experimental work applying transmission electron microscopic (TEM) techniques as well as small angle scattering of X rays or neutrons. While most structures have been known for a long time and readily follow from theoretical predictions [41, 42], the OBDD structure has only been found recently (see [303] for a brief review). This structure is interesting since it belongs to a class of geometrical structures with constant mean curvature of the interface [303]. 

The chemistry of hydrolysis and condensation of silicon alkoxides is now understood in considerable detail, as indicated in the chapter by Coltrain and Kelts (Eastman Kodak Co.). Extensive use of nuclear magnetic resonance has revealed the influence of factors such as pH on the kinetics of the competing reactions. With this information it is possible to rationalize the structures of the aggregates, as revealed by studies of small-angle scattering of X-rays and neutrons. This level of understanding opens the possibility for deliberate control of gel structure and properties. Nonsilicate systems have received less... 

Structure as revealed by small-angle scattering of X-rays (SAXS) and of neutrons (SANS). 

Porosity, with the dimensions of nanometers or less, cannot be precisely imaged even in the most recent of transmission and scanning electron microscopes and recourse has to be made to the powerful experimental techniques of physical adsorption of gases, of immersion calorimetry and of small-angle scattering of X-rays (SAXS) and neutrons (SANS) to characterize porosity. Microporosity has the dimensions of molecules and such molecules, as adsorbates, become the experimental probes providing significant information about the adsorption site. Hence, the phenomena of porosity and adsorption are inseparable. 

M. Erko, D. Wallacher, A. Hoell, T. Hauss, L Zizak, O. I s, Density minimum of cortfined water at low temperatures a combined study by small-angle scattering of X-rays and neutrons. PCCP 14(11), 3852-3858 (2012)... 

SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING OF X-RAYS OR NEUTRONS ON DILUTE SOLUTIONS... 

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