Slug washing

Slug washing individual tube bundles with steam condensate also helps. Washings for 20 minutes once a week are often sufficient. 

Slugs of lithium, coated with paraffin oil, are hammered into thin foil. They are washed free of oil with dry ether and cut by scissors into slips which are allowed to fall directly into the ether in the reaction flask. 

As for the turbines, no steam-purifying equipment of the type used on drum boilers is feasible, so that the steam from super-critical boilers tends to be of inferior quality. Deposits have been reported of cuprous oxide on the extra high-pressure turbines and of cupric oxide on some high-pressure turbines of sub-critical plant. These deposits may lead to a loss of efficiency and to some risk of corrosion. At intervals, slugs of solute are carried over in the steam, which is therefore of fluctuating quality. This is countered by periodic water-washing of the boilers. 

Flow-injection and continuous-flow systems are very similar. The major differences are outhned here. Continuous-flow systems are characterized by a relatively long start-up time prior to instrument stabilization, whereas the flow-injection approach requires little more time than that needed to stabilize the detector output. Tubing diameters on a flow-injection manifold are usually much smaller and the samples are injected into the flow line rather than aspirated. No wash cycle is employed in the flow-injection regime, since the sample is a discrete slug. Flow rates in continuous-flow manifolds are often larger than in the flow-injection regime. 

Walmsley, H.L., Electrostatic Hazards from water slugs formed during the washing of ships tanks Spark energy calculations, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 20, 329-339, 1987. 

I picked one up. It stank of forest damp and crumbling logs and New England basement. They tasted worse than they looked. Bitter, stringy, filthy. I took a slug of Carta Blanca and jammed the rest in my mouth and washed them down. 

If it were possible to obtain a perfect slug displacement wash, the fraction remaining would be numerically equal to 1 minus the wash ratio. This ideal condition is represented by the maximum theoretical line as shown in Fig. 18-116. Since it represents the best that can be done, no data point should fall to the left of this curve. Most, but not all, cake-washing curves tend to fall along the heavy solid line shown. In the absence of actual data, one may estimate washing results by using this curve. 

Intermittent flow In this flow interfacial waves have large amplitude waves intermittently washing the top of the pipe with smaller amplitude waves in between. Large amplitude waves often contain entrained bubbles. The top wall is nearly continuously wetted by the large amplitude waves and the thin liquid films left behind. Intermittent flow has subcategories, plug flow and slug flow, which are characterized as follows ... 

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