Skoog, Douglas

Skoog, Douglas, West, Donald. 1976. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry. New York Holt Rinehart and Winston. 

Skoog, Douglas A., F. James Holler, and Timothy A. Nieman. 2006. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. Pacific Grove, CA BrooksCole. 

Skoog, Douglas A., James F. Holler, and Stanley R. Crouch, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 8th ed., Thomson-Brooks/Cole, Behnont, CA, 2004. 

Skoog, Douglas A., Donald M. West, and F. James Holler, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 7th ed., Saunders College Publishing Co., Philadelphia, 1997. 

Skoog, Douglas A, and West, Donald M, Pn HCjpIfs of Instrumental Amfysis, 2 edition, Saunders College, 1980. 

Douglas A. Skoog Donald M. West F. Janies Holler Stanley R. Crouch... 

Physical or instrumental methods were extensively developed in the twentieth century and are gradually replacing classical methods. In Principles of Instrumental Analysis, three American chemists, Douglas Skoog, F. James Holler, and Timothy Nieman, detail many instrumental methods that use highly complex and often costly machines to determine the identity and concentration of analytes. While these methods often are not as accurate and precise as classical methods, they require much less sample and can determine concentrations much less than 0.1 percent. In fact, Richard Mathies, professor at the University of California at Berkeley, and coworkers recendy described methods that can determine the presence of one molecule In addition, instrumental methods often produce results more rapidly than chemical methods and are the methods of choice when a very large number of samples of the same kind have to be analyzed repetitiously, as in blood analyses. 

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