Skin thickening

Phymofous irregular skin thickening due to sebaceous hyperplasia (Fig. 17.7)... 

Rabbit (New Zealand) 4 hr Dermal 0.5 mL (mild erythema and skin thickening) FMC 1992g Durad 550B... 

SWNTs Pulmonary toxicity HiPCO (30wt% Fe) Mice Topical exposure 5d Oxidative stress Skin thickening Inflammation [46]... 

Minor increases in cutaneous blood flow, skin reddening, and skin thickening... 

Subacute EmoElients are the mainstay of treatment. Zinc oxide cream or paste, with mild keratolytic if skin thickening present (salicylic add or coal tar added) topical corticosteroid ointment. Gamolenic acid (Epogam, evening primrose oil) is of unproven benefic. 

As already described, pruritus is an obvious sensory feature of many different external and internal sources. The motor response that the sensation of itching evokes (i.e., scratching with the nails of the hands or feet), if not controlled, often perpetuates and intensifies the symptom and may lead to serious skin damage (e.g., abrasion, laceration, lichenification [skin thickening]), thereby reducing the ability of the skin to fimction as... 

As with any good medical encounter, a detailed patient history of symptoms and atherosclerosis risk factors (e.g., smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes) can be helpful in the diagnosis of PAD. Unfortunately, as illustrated by the PARTNERS program, providers who rely on a history alone will miss approximately 85% to 90% of patients with PAD. Therefore, examination of the patient is vital to proper diagnosis. Requesting that the patient remove socks and shoes may reveal nonspecific signs of decreased blood flow to the extremities (i.e. cool skin temperature, shiny skin, thickened toenails, lack of hair on the calf, feet and/or toes) or, in severe cases, visible sores or ulcers that are slow to heal and may even be black in appearance. - ... 

Steen VD, Medsger TA Jr. Improvement in skin thickening in systemic sclerosis associated with improved survival. Athritis Rheum 2001 44 2828-2835. 

Initially, an erythema usually appears in localized patches in areas of the skin predominantly exposed to the sun. The erythema is often followed by erosion or ulceration of the skin. When niacin is reintroduced in the diet either spontaneously or therapeutically, the erythema disappears, and previously erythematous areas often become pigmented. In countries where pellagra exists in a chronic form, erythema appears every spring, then disappears. After a certain number of years, it leaves the skin thickened, roughened, and pigmented in areas affected by the disease. Microscopic examination of the skin shows alteration of the epithelium and derma. The epithelium reveals acanthosis, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, and in-... 

Function in Formula Smooths and protects, is substantive, adds lubricity on skin. Thickening, conditioning, and antistatic agent... 

Diagnostic criteria for SSc were developed by the American College of Rheumatology (38). Limited and diffuse skin disease differs in clinical presentation, autoimmune signature, and evolution. Limited disease (about 60% of all patients with SSc) is defined by distal cutaneous sclerosis that can involve the face but not the tmnk or limbs proximal to the elbows and knees. Diffuse disease (about 40% of all patients with SSc) is defined by proximal cutaneous sclerosis, extending to the trunk. In SSc sine scleroderma most features of SSc are present, except for skin thickening (37). ANA is positive in 90% to 100% of all patients. Anti-centromere antibodies, present in up to 60% of patients with limited SSc, and anti-topoisomerase 1 antibodies (anti-SCl-70 antibodies), found in 20% to 40% of patients with diffuse SSc (37) are mutually exclusive. 

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation comes from the sun, and is also generated by equipment such as welding torches. Much of the natural ultraviolet in the atmosphere is filtered out by the ozone layer. Sufficient penetrates to cause sunburn and even blindness. Its effect is thermal and photochemical, producing burns and skin thickening, and eventually skin cancers. Electric arcs and ultraviolet lamps can produce a photochemical effect by absorption on the conjunctiva of the eyes, resulting in arc-eye and cataract formation. In construction work, education is required to explain to workers the risks they run from continued exposure of the skin to UV radiation, which can lead to irreversible skin effects and the production of skin cancers, including the potentially lethal malignant melanoma. 

---