Singular Cell

A singular cell is the basic element, and is composed of three main layers anode, electrolyte and cathode (see Fig. 5.5). Electrodes are made as porous layers, whereas the electrolyte is a solid layer. There are additional elements (e.g. current collectors, interconnectors, gas manifolds) which impact cell performance, but they are not considered as singular cell components. Often, different materials are used for each cell layer, and it happens that each layer is composed from other layers (i.e. multilayer design). 

Operation of a singular cell is often defined by the current-voltage curve, as with voltaic batteries. Seeing as there are many differences between fuel cells and 

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Heat transfer effectiveness inside the singular cell 30% ... 

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