Single molecules, in solution

Muller R et al 1996 Time-resolved identification of single molecules in solution with a pulsed semiconductor diode laser Chem. Phys. Lett. 262 716-22... 

Chiu D T and Zare R N 1996 Biased diffusion, optical trapping and manipulation of single molecules in solution J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118 6512-13... 

Edman L, Mets Uand Rigler R 1996 Conformational transitions monitored for single molecules in solution Proc. Natl Acad. Sc/. USA 93 6710-15... 

In the first example of applications of the theory in this chapter, we made a point with respect to the polarizability of molecules and showed how the problem could have been handled by the RISM-SCF/MCSCF theory. However, the current level of our method has a serious limitation in this respect. The method can handle the polarizability of molecules in neat liquids or that of a single molecule in solution in a reasonable manner. But in order to be able to treat the polarizability of both solute and solvent molecules in solution, considerable generalization of the RISM side of the theory is required. When solvent molecules are situated within the influence of solute molecules, the solvent molecules are polarized differently depending on the distance from the solute molecules, and the solvent can no longer be neat. Therefore, the polarizable model developed for neat liquids is not valid. In such a case, solvent-solvent PCF should be treated under the solute... 

Two-photon excitation (TPE) fluorescence microscopy (Section 11.2.1.2) can be applied to the detection of single molecules in solution. By comparison with one-... 

Edman, L., Mets, U., and Rigler, R. (1996) Conformational transition monitored for single molecules in solution, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 6710-6715. 

Anti-Brownian electrokinetic trap for single molecules in solution [148]... 

A.E. Cohen, Trapping and manipulating single molecules in solution. (Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 2006), Ph.D. dissertation... 

Nie, S.M., Chiu, D.T., and Zare, R.N. (1995) Real-time detection of single-molecules in solution by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Analytical Chemistry, 61, 2849-2857. 

The theory of Ref. 40 was developed via the case of the single molecule in solution of low-molecular salt with concentration ns in Ref. 42. 

D. T. Chiu and R. N. Zare, Biased diffusion, optical trapping, and manipulation of single molecules in solution. Journal of the American Chemical Society 118 p. 6512-6513 (1996). 

For solutions in the limit of infinite dilution only the structure of a single molecule need be known. Conversely, the scattering gives information on the structure of a single molecule and contains no information about correlations in position or orientation between different molecules. Thus since the physical chemist often wants to study the structure of a single molecule in solution, the experimental results are often extrapolated to infinite dilution. 

R. Muller, C. Zander, M. Sauer, M. Deimel, D-S. Ko, S. Sieberte, J. Arden-Jacob, G. Deltau, N.J. Marx, K.H. Drexhage, J. Wolfram, Time-resolved i-dentification of single molecules in solution with a pulsed semiconductor diode laser, Chem. Phys. Lett. 262, 716-722 (1996)... 

With the aid of Eqs. (3.29) and (3.30), the relation between Eqs. (3.9) and (3.28) becomes clear. The chemical potential is nothing but the energy of a single molecule in solution located at the minimum of the basing of attraction surrounding the corresponding stable conformational state. 

A method to detect diffusion coefficients of single molecules in solution is confocal microscopy. A confocal microscope uses point illumination, which is achieved by a pinhole in front of the objective (in an optically conjugated plane to the sample). The illuminated voliune is in the order of 1 femtoliter and. 

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