Single-Feed Systems

In the simplest form of phase separation, the stream to be separated is flashed into a vapor product and a liquid product, each having a different composition. Examples 

1 through 2.6 of single-stage separations of certain mixtures. The distribution coefficients are predicted by the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state (Soave, 1972). 

Single-Stage Performance, 50% Mole Ethane (1)-50% Mole n-Hexane (2) at 690 kPa 

FIGURE 2.5 Single-stage performance, 50% mole ethane (l)-50% mole n-hexane (2) at 

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The process was performed for many months yielding 700 g of monofluorinated product with a nine-channel microstructured reactor [60]. A continuous 150 h operation was performed without decline of yield or conversion. Even in the scale-out to a 30-channel reador (see Figure 5.27), no loss in performance was noticed. A single feed system distributed the reactants and reagents to the various microchannels. 

Blend electrospinning occurs when two or more miscible solutions are combined into a single feed system and fed through a common spinneret for desired final material properties (Fig. 10.5). Although this procedure is not the most common technique, the advantage of this particular method is its ability to modify the chemical... 

Chromatography may also be advantageous when it is required to separate several pure products from a single feed stream. A simulated moving-bed system can yield only two weU-separated fractions from a single feed stream. 

Bina System. The first task is to examine the characteristics of the 2-propanol-water-phase equiUbria (VLE, LLE, SEE) to determine the compositions of interest and any critical features. 2-Propanol forms a minimum boiling a2eotrope with water (80.4°C at 101.3 kPa (760 tort), 68 mol % 2-propanol). The a2eotrope is between the feed and the IPA product and is a distillation boundary, thus it is impossible to obtain both desired products from any single-feed... 

Fixed-Bed Behavior The number of transitions occurring in a fixed bed of initially uniform composition before it becomes saturated by a constant composition feed stream is generally equal to the variance of the system. This introductory discussion will be limited to single transition systems. 

If the system under consideration involves use of the sorbent for only a single feed step or reuse after uniform regeneration, as in many apphcations with activated carbons and ion exchangers, then one of two paths is often followed at this point to simplify Eq. (16-124) further. The second term on the left-hand side of the equation is often assumed to be negligibly small (usually a good assumption), and time is redefined as... 

There are two types of input power buses. DC power buses are single-wire power connections such as found in automobiles and aircraft. The ground connection forms the other leg of the power system. The other form of input connection is the ac, or two or three-wire feed systems as found in ac power systems. The design of the EMI filter for dc systems is covered in Section 3.12 and takes the form of a simple L-C filter. All the noise is common-mode between the single power wire and the ground return. The dc filter is much more complicated, because of the parasitic behavior of the components involved. 

System component Reaction tanks, a reagent storage and feed system, mixers, sensors, and controls for continuous chromium reduction. A single above-ground concrete tank with retention time of 45 min is provided. For batch operation, dual above-ground concrete tanks with 4h retention time are provided. 

One feature common to both designs in Figures 12.21 and 12.22 is that single-feed columns were used with the entrainer being mixed with the feed. In the case of the ethanol-water-ethylene glycol, the operation leaves for the top and bottom sections of the column do not meet, and there is a gap. In some systems, it is possible to bridge the gap between the operation leaves between the top and bottom sections by creating a middle section in the... 

The characteristics of the output signals shown in Figure 4.40 are very similar to those obtained for the basic system (see Figure 4.4), so in this case the network has no advantage over a single basic system. This is also the case for the results presented in Figure 4.41. Here, the varied substrates in the feed are Si and S3, and when compared to the results shown in Figure 4.40, it can... 

To a first approximation, the composition of the distillate and bottoms of a single-feed continuous distillation column lies on the same residue curve. Therefore, for systems having separatrices and multiple regions, distillation composition profiles are also constrained to lie in specific regions. The precise boundaries of these distillation regions are a function of reflux ratio, but they are closely approximated by the RCM separatrices. If a separatrix exists in a system, a corresponding distillation boundary also exists. Also, mass balance constraints require that the distillate composition, the bottoms composition, and the net feed composition plotted on an RCM for any feasible distillation be collinear and spaced in relation to distillate and bottoms flows according to the well-known lever rule. 

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