Simultaneous Densification and Grain Growth

In solid-state sintering, the processes of densification and grain growth (coarsening) are usually discussed separately. However, at the final stage of sintering, the two processes take place simultaneously with their rates have mutual influence. To fully 

If the pore migration occurs through surface diffusion, the appropriate relations 

In determining the conditions for separation of the boundary from the pore, the maximum force exerted by the grain boundary on a pore to drag it along is given by Eq. (8.51), which is 

If the velocity of the boundary with the attached pore exceeds separation will occur. The limiting condition for separation can therefore be written as follows  

The solution to this quadratic equation determines the separation curve. 

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