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Simulation of Titration Curves Using a Single Master Equation

SIMULATION OF TITRATION CURVES USING A SINGLE MASTER EQUATION [Pg.337]

In calculating titration curves, separate equations for different regions of the curve ( before the equivalence point , at the equivalence point , after the equivalence point , etc.) are often employed. This section illustrates how to use a single master equation to calculate points on a titration curve. Instead of calculating pH as a function of the independent variable V, it is convenient to use pH as the independent variable and V as the dependent variable. The species distribution at a particular pH value is calculated from the [H ], and the volume of titrant required to produce that amount of each species is calculated. For example, in the titration of a weak monoprotic acid HA, we can calculate the concentration of A at a particular pH and then calculate the number of moles of base required to produce that amount of A . In general (J -j) moles of base per mole of acid are required to produce the species HjA from the original acid species HjA. [Pg.337]

Then in the general case, for Ch moles of strong acid + Cha moles of weak acid HjrA in an initial volume Vq, titrated with V milliliters of standard base of concentration CqH/ the relationship is  [Pg.337]

From equation 20-7, after rearrangement, we obtain equation 20-8. (The [OH ] is an indicator of one of the sources of protons, namely H2O.) The [HyA] values are calculated employing the usual a factors, from X s and [H ]. [Pg.337]

Equation 20-8 permits the calculation of all points on a titration curve by means of a single equation. As written, it handles strong acids, weak acids or mixtures, and it is readily expanded to handle mixtures of polyprotic acids. [Pg.337]




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