Similarity to alkanes

Physieal properties are similar to alkanes and the ehemistry is dietated by the earbon triple bond. This bond is less reaetive than the olefin double bond towards eleetrophilie reagents, but more... 

Although alkadienes have a higher degree of unsaturation than alkenes, their chemical behavior is similar to alkenes, and their physical properties are similar to alkanes containing the same number of carbon atoms. Common alkenyl groups include... 

The reaction of 1-butene with 0 , followed by the thermal decomposition of surface intermediates, leads to the formation of butadiene as the main product. Thus, 1-butene appears to be more similar to alkanes than to ethylene or propylene in its reaction with 0 . 

Properties Similar to alkane non-polar, flammable Nomenclature ... 

Germanium forms several tetravalent hydrides that have the general formula GenH2n+2 similar to alkanes and silicon hydrides. The formulas and CAS Registry numbers of the three common hydrides are ... 

Chemically, these compounds are as reactive as alkenes. Physically, the properties of these compounds are similar to alkanes with the corresponding number of carbon atoms. 

Similarly to alkanes, an increment system has been proposed in order to predict carbon-13 shifts of olefinic carbons from the reference value of ethene (122.1 ppm) [237] and the increments A, for a, f , y, and 6 alkylation, as well as multiple substitution corrections S (Table 4.11). Accuracy is about 1 ppm. 

Alkenes are similar to alkanes in structure and also undergo combustion. However, they are much more likely to undergo addition reactions with halogens, rather than substitution. Addition reactions occur with a wide variety of reagents. 

Alkynes have physical properties similar to alkanes. They are relatively non-polar, dissolve in non-polar solvents and are not very soluble in water. Only weak van der Waals interactions are possible between unsaturated molecules such as alkynes, and so these structures have low boiling points compared to other functional groups. 

The polar C-X bond present in alkyl halides has a substantial dipole moment. Alkyl halides are poorly soluble in water, but are soluble in organic solvents. They have boiling points that are similar to alkanes of comparable molecular weight. Due to polarity, the carbon is an electrophilic centre and the halogen is a nucleophilic centre. Halogens are extremely weak nucleophilic centres and therefore, alkyl halides are more likely to react as electrophiles at the carbon centre. 

Alkenes are named similarly to alkanes, with the following modifications ... 

Alkenes may have cyclic structures similar to alkanes. The first member of the cycloalkenes is cyclopropene. 

Studying alkanes also provides an opportunity to learn about lipids, a group of biomolecules similar to alkanes, in that they are composed mainly of nonpolar carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen a bonds. Section 4.15 serves as a brief introduction only, so we will return to lipids in Chapters 10 and 29. 

Most alkenes exhibit only weak van der Waals interactions, so their physical properties are similar to alkanes of comparable molecular weight. 

Similar to alkanes most cycloalkanes also are quite unreactive and have very high pA a values and low electron affinities, making them poor electron acceptors. Although the molecular anions of cycloalkanes are very unstable, temporary anion... 

Naphthenes — A class of hydrocarbons with physical and chemical properties similar to alkanes but characterized by the presence of simple closed rings. Like... 

Initiation through the decomposition of various C-C bonds is significantly less important and is similar to alkane species decomposition ... 

X 10 cm s The sizes of domains over which spin diffusion may be investigated by this technique is then limited by D and Ti. A typical value of Ti for polymers is roughly 1 s. If in time, t, the diffusion distance is roughly then for polymers with densities of protons similar to alkanes, the maximum distance sampled by spin diffusion would be about 29 nm, and minimum distances sampled of order of a few tenths of a nm. 

Agostic C-H- -M interactions bear considerable similarity to alkane complexes, and Hoff and Kubas show that the agostic species W(CO)3(PCy3)2 is an intermediate in the ligand displacement reaction in Eq. (7.42).1 A normal KIE effect of 12 is... 

Name branched or substituted alkenes in a manner similar to alkanes. 

Name the branched chain alkene or alkyne similar to alkanes. 

Unlike carbon, silicon does not form a large number or variety of hydrides however, several colorless, volatile compounds with the general formula Si H2 +2 have been synthesized and are called silanes, a name proposed by Alfred Stock to reflect the similarity to alkanes, C H2 +2. 

The name of an alkene is derived from the corresponding alkane by changing the -ane ending to -ene. The alkenes have properties similar to alkanes-they are flammable and nonpolar. Their double bond, however, makes them susceptible to the addition of other atoms. A common reaction of alkenes is the addition of substituents across the double bond. For example, alkenes react with hydrogen gas to form alkanes. 

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