SilveR.STAT

Antistatic fibres may be in the form of stainless steel fibres (see Bekaert), or polyester fibres coated with a layer of conducting material such as carbon (see Epitropic fibres) or silver (see SilveR.STAT ). Depending on the efficiency of the blending system, the addition of 2-5% of these fibres is normally recommended to ensure satisfactory dissipation of any static charge. The effectiveness of such additions may be assessed by measurement of the fabric s surface resistivity (see BS 6524 1995 part 4), a value of 10 ° Q. square" being considered adequate for most applications (NB, the size of the square is irrelevant). 

Fitzgerald, M. Picard, R. R. Silver, R. N., Monte Carlo transition dynamics and variance reduction, J. Stat. Phys. 1999, 98, 321-345... 

To obtain the gold in a perfectly pure stats, however, the precipitated powder is boiled with hydrochloric acid of specific gravity 1 1, which is then decanted, and the resides is boiled twice with fresh acid. The gold is not washed between these successive treatments with add, which remove the last traces of iron, and nearly all tlie chloride of silver,... 

The production of gold, says M CclloCB, has very largely increased since 1848, as compared with that of silver. and if this stats of things go on, the value of silver, measured in gold, can hardly fail gradually to. rise, But it is by no means dear that it will go on, ... 

Barbosa et al. [41] studied the heterogeneous catalysis of this reaction in the classical solvent of 80 vol.% (55.2 mol.%) EtOH + H20 at 25°C, using a pH-stat technique to measure the rate. Silver, silver bromide, silver sulphide, mercury(I) bromide, and mercury(II) sulphide were all found to be good catalysts (cf. Fig. 12). With AgBr the catalytic rate was not affected by... 

A prominent FDA-approved chitin dressing is rapid deployment hemo-stat (RDH) (Marine Polymer Technologies) which costs 300 per dressing. One study shows that polymeric hber material based on P-NAG is more effective than alpha-chitin or chitosan, since these have a heterogeneous structure and are complexed with minerals and proteins. Moreover, the j3 structure (parallel orientation) of the hbers was found to be more effective than the a structure (antiparallel orientation). In another study, the hemostatic and antibacterial properties of chitosan dressings have been shown to be improved by the addition of polyphosphate polymers and silver nanoparticles respectively. One limiting factor is that all forms of chitin or chitosan bandages are not equally effective and the effectiveness varies from batch to batch. ... 

Fig. 15.25 Density of state (DOS) ener patterns for (a) vanadium metal and Vg (b) silver metal and Agg. Adapted and reproduced with permission from G. Seifert and H. Eschrig Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) (1985) 127, 573.

R-Stat produces silver-coated polyamide yams and stainless steel fibres. It also markets copper fibres where copper sulphide is suffused to the surface of polyester and polyamide fibres (R-Stat, 2014). Gold-coated para-aiamiA yams produced through electroless deposition are described by Schwarz et al. (2010). 

The polymeric coating has been synthesized on 1 cm titanium substrates according to an electrochemical procedure previously described and different amounts of silver ions per unit surface area have been loaded onto the polymeric coating as antibacterial agents [16]. All electrochemical experiments have been carried out using a PAR Versa STAT 4 potentiostat - galvanostat (Princeton Applied Research). The coated titanium samples have been sterilized by UV treatment before in vitro antibacterial evaluation. 

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