Silicon supercooled

At the same time, the aryl silicones of high R/Si ratio are brittle vitreous soluble fusible solids, which actually are supercooled liquids. By themselves they are too brittle and weak for coating or impregnation. 

Pollitt and Brown (P2) were unable to prepare an analogue of the orthorhombic phase with as the sole substituent, but obtained evidence that could stabilize it in clinker, probably because other substituents were also present. Maki (M12) also failed to prepare K forms of the orthorhombic or monoclinic phases under equilibrium conditions, but by moderately rapid cooling of melts he obtained orthorhombic crystals having cell parameters close to those of the corresponding sodium-containing phase. He considered that the presence of silicon in the clinker liquid would favour supercooling and thereby also non-equilibrium formation of the orthorhombic or monoclinic phase. 

The results of various research groups show strong differences in the thickness of the QLL. Pittenger et al. calculated the thickness of the QLL assuming that it has the viscosity of supercooled water they estimated the QLL thickness to be about 1 nm at -1°C and 0.2 nm at -10°C for a silicon tip. For a hydrophobically coated tip, the layer thicknesses were slightly smaller. Several authors have used the jump-in distance to estimate the thickness of the QLL (gradient of the tip-sample forces becomes greater than... 

Angell, C. A., and Kanno, H., Density maxima in high-pressure supercooled water and liquid silicon dioxide. Science 193,1121 (1976). 

Glasses are supercooled liquids that form a noncrystalline solid. The most frequently encountered glass is the supercooled form of liquid silicon dioxide—the glass used in windows, for example. When silicon dioxide is heated to 1,600°C (2,912°F), it forms a viscons liqnid. Upon rapid cooling, silicon-oxygen bonds are formed before the atoms are able to arrange themselves in a regular pattern characteristic of a solid. 

Li, T., Donadio, D., Galli, G. Nucleation of tetrahedral solids a molecular dynamics study of supercooled liquid silicon. J. Chem. Phys. 131, 224519 (2009)... 

Glass electrodes are ion-selective electrodes that belong to the group of electrodes with a noncrystalline solid membrane. Typical glasses are supercooled liquids with a network composed most commonly of silicon oxide however other compositions may have similar properties and can be used as sensors. 

Wasse JC, Salmon PS (1999) Stmcture of molten lanthanum and cerium tri-halides by the method of isomorphic substitution in neutron diffraction. J Phys Cond Matter 11 1381-1396 Iwadate, Suzuki, K, Onda, N et al (2006) Structural changes on supercooling liquid silicon. J AUoys Compd 408 12 248-252... 

POLYAMORPHISM AND LIQUID-LIQUID PHASE TRANSITIONS IN AMORPHOUS SILICON AND SUPERCOOLED AI2O3-Y2O3 LIQUIDS... 

S. Sastry and C. A. Angell, Liquid-liquid phase transition in supercooled silicon, Nat. Mater. 2, 739-743 (2003). 

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