Silicon history

Seitz, F. and Einspruch, N.G. (1998) Electronic Genie The Tangled History of Silicon (University of Illinois Press, Urbana and Chicago). 

The classic problem of the silicon-silicon double bond dates back at least to the early part of this century, when F. S. Kipping and his students attempted unsuccessfully to synthesize disilenes. Evidence for the probable transient existence of disilenes began to appear in the 1970s, but it was the isolation of the stable disilene 1 in 19811 that opened up modem disilene chemistry. The early history of this discovery has been recounted in a review2 several other reviews covering Si=Si double bonds have been published.2 5... 

The history and development of polysilane chemistry is described. The polysilanes (polysilylenes) are linear polymers based on chains of silicon atoms, which show unique properties resulting from easy delocalization of sigma electrons in the silicon-silicon bonds. Polysilanes may be useful as precursors to silicon carbide ceramics, as photoresists in microelectronics, as photoinitiators for radical reactions, and as photoconductors. 

The most studied class of boron polymers containing boron-silicon bonds are the carboranylenesiloxane polymers. The history of these polymers was discussed at the beginning of this chapter. The more recent advances in this group of polymers and in silicon-containing borazine and boroxine polymers are discussed in later sections of this chapter. In this section, some remaining groups of silicon-containing boron polymers are discussed. 

Silicone industry, history of, 22 547—548 Silicone latex sealants, 22 34—35 Silicone liquid-injection-molded (LIM) rubber... 

See Contact stress Hexagonal symmetry 132 Hohenberg-Kohn theorem 113 Hydrogen molecular ion 173 history 173 repulsive force 185 resonance interaction 177 van der Waals force 175 Hydrogen on silicon 336 Image force 56—59, 72, 93 concept 56 effect on tunneling 74 field emission, in 56 jellium model, in 93 observability by STM 72... 

Aluminum-26 is an important nuclide for investigating the cosmic-ray exposure history of meteorites on their way to Earth from the asteroid belt. It can also be used to estimate the terrestrial age of a meteorite. In both of these applications, the 26 A1 is alive in the samples, having been produced by cosmic-ray interactions with elements heavier than aluminum, primarily silicon. Cosmic-ray-exposure dating will be discussed in Chapter 9. 

Hua, X., Huss, G. R., Tachibana, S. and Sharp, T. G. (2005) Oxygen, silicon, and Mn-Cr isotopes of fayalite in the oxidized Kaba CV3 chondrite constraints for its formation history. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69, 1333-1348. 

Figure 3. Components per silicon chip versus calendar year. Segments A and B are history segments CDG and CEF are projections based upon 0.5- and 0.25-[Lm minimum feature sizes, respectively. (Reproduced with permission from reference 4. Copyright 1984 IEEE.)...

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