Transcription factor , signal transduction

Since metals are involved in so many cellular processes, metal bioavailability becomes paramount in understanding how metal ions might affect gene expression at many levels, ranging from signal transduction, transcription factor action, mRNA function, and protein activity. Recent advances in understanding how cells transport metals will be addressed in this review. 

Like other growth factors, the IDGFs presumably activate a signal transduction pathway that ultimately controls transcription and replication. One possibility is that they interact in some way with the insulin receptor (InsR) pathway, which has... 

All interferon-stimulated genes are characterized by the presence of an associated interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE). Signal transduction culminates in the binding of specific regulatory factors to the ISRE, which stimulates RNA polymerase Il-mediated transcription of the interferon-sensitive genes. The induced gene products then mediate the antiviral, immunomodulatory and other effects characteristically induced by interferons. 

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