Signal transduction, chemokine receptor

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Davis CB, Dikic I, Unutmaz D, et al. Signal transduction due to HIV-1 envelope interactions with chemokine receptors CXCR4 or CCR5. J Exp Med 1997 186(10) 1793-1798. 

Chemokine receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors that contain seven transmembrane domains. Chemokine receptors are present on the cell surface membrane of leukocytes. As was the case for chemokines, these receptors are also divided into four subgroups CCR is specific for CC chemokines, CXCR for CXC chemokines, XCR1 for C chemokines and CX3CR1 for CX3C chemokines. The CC chemokine receptor family has eleven members, the CXC chemokine receptor family has seven members, and both the C chemokine receptor family and the CX3C chemokine receptor family have one member each. The signal transduction is mediated via the standard G protein-dependent pathway. 

The classical view of GPCR signal transduction involves activation of trimeric G-proteins, and in the case of chemokine receptors, Gai is key, as indicated by their sensitivity to pertussis toxin. However, evolving theories of dimerization-induced signal transduction add an intermediate... 

Suetomi, K., Rojo, D., and Navarro, J. (2002). Identification of a signal transduction switch in the chemokine receptor CXCRl./ Biol Chem. TIT, 31563-31566. 

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