Shutdown systems analysis method

How often will the flame out incident be likely to occur as an unscheduled event rather than a routine shutdown This is the demand rate on the safety system. But how often will this lead to a fiimace explosion The project team will have to estimate this figure either from historical records or by hazard analysis methods. This is often the most difficult part of the quantitative method. 

Many potential applications are under study. Miniature chemical reactors could be used for portable applications in which they provide advantages of rapid startup and shutdown and of increased safety (intensification by requiring only small quantities of hazardous materials). The development of chip-scale chemical and biological analysis systems has the potential to reduce the time and cost associated with conventional laboratory methods. These devices could be used as portable analysis systems for detection of hazardous chemicals in air and water. There is considerable interest in using a microreactor to provide in situ production of hydrogen for small-scale fuel-cell power applications by conducting a reformation reaction from some liquid hydrocarbon raw material (e.g., methanol). 

According to the LoD method, safety provisions by more than one safety system (i.e., emergency shutdown) should be planned against the LIPOSO accident (considered itself equivalent to the loss of a strong line of defence) in order to reject unprotected cases with severe consequences in the residual risk domain. Practice aspects of the LIPOSO accident treatment are presented below, based on the Superphenix analysis, including presentation of the induced phenomena, the efficiency of the detection means and the resulting consequences compared to the safety targets. 

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