Shrinkage reversion

Making Shrinkage Reversible by Surface Modification (Silica Cels)... 

The reverse osmosis results for membranes cast from the solutions listed in Table 1 are given in Figure 2. The shrinkage... 

The insolubility of peptides is not limited to the solution phase and can occur during peptide synthesis on the solid phase where it manifests itself as the difficult sequence problem. On-resin peptide aggregation and poor peptide segment solubility are due to the formation of (3-sheet-like structures. Difficult sequences contain predominantly hydrophobic residues that consistently show incomplete acylation and a characteristic shrinkage of the peptide-resin during synthesis.111 Reversible backbone protection was introduced into Fmoc/ tBu SPPS after the study of synthesis failure during the assembly of difficult sequences1121 and is now routinely used to circumvent synthesis failure in SPPS. 

S. S. Prakash, C. J. Brinker, A. J. Hurd, and S. M. Rao, Silica aerogel films prepared at ambient pressure by using surface derivatization to induce reversible drying shrinkage. Nature (London) 374, 439-443 (1995). 

CONDENSATE. A vapor may be reduced to liquid by removal of such portion of Ihe latent heal of evaporation us it may contain. The act is called condensation, and Ihe liquid is condensate. It is the property of vapors that the condensate is dense as compared lo the vapor, which, in condensing, formed it that is, there is considerable shrinkage of volume upon a reversion lo the liquid slate. The thermal condition of the condensate immediately upon formation is that of saturated liquid at the temperature of vapor. See also Distillation. 

For the wet part of the shrinkage curve the curvature is negative. In order to show this part of the curvature line in the diagram, we reverse the sign, i.e. in effect we plot the absolute value of n. By differentiating eqn. (4) and setting the result equal to zero, one finds the locations where the absolute values of the curvature are maximal ... 

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