Short-range magnetic interactions

As can be seen in the article by de Jongh and Miedema (1974) the specific-heat anomalies of low-dimensional systems are similar to Schottky peaks. The same is true for systems which have only short-range magnetic interactions. 

Recently, the discovery of short range ferromagnetic interactions (SRFM) (Weiss temperature, 0 IK from l/% vs T, magnetization saturation curves corresponding to S = 2, rather than S = 1/2) in crystals of 1(2) was reported(7, ). 

The electronic state calculations of transition metal clusters have been carried out to study the basic electronic properties of these elements by the use of DV-Xa molecular orbital method. It is found that the covalent bonding between neighboring atoms, namely the short range chemical interaction is very important to determine the valence band structure of transition element. The spin polarization in the transition metal cluster has been investigated and the mechanism of the magnetic interaction between the atomic spins has been interpreted by means of the spin polarized molecular orbital description. For heavy elements like 5d transition metals, the relativistic effects are found to be very important even in the valence electronic state. 

Neutrons interact with matter via the short-range nuclear interactions and hence see the nuclei in a sample rather than the diffuse electrons cloud observed by X-rays. In magnetic samples neutrons are scattered by the magnetic moments associated with unpaired electron spins (dipoles). Unlike the X-rays, the neutrons are able to "see" light atoms in the presence... 

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