Shockley, William Bradford

Shockley William Bradford (1910-1989). American physicist, Stanford, California, USA. 

In 1948 William Bradford Shockley (1910-1989), who is considered the inventor of the transistor, and his associates at Bell Research Laboratories, Walter Houser Brattain (1902-1987) and John Bardeen (1908-1991), discovered that a crystal of germanium could act as a semiconductor of electricity. This unique property of germanium indicated to them that it could be used as both a rectifier and an amplifier to replace the old glass vacuum tubes in radios. Their friend John Robinson Pierce (1910-2002) gave this new solid-state device the name transistor, since the device had to overcome some resistance when a current of electricity passed through it. Shockley, Brattain, and Bardeen all shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics. 

William Bradford Shockley (1910-1989). 23 Hans Joachim Queisser (1931- ). 

This rule relies on the existence of influences between entities, which may not exist in all cases. 1 William Bradford Shockley (1910-1989) American physicist Stanford, California, USA. 

William Bradford Shockley (1910—1989) American physicist Stmiford, California, USA. Rudolph Arihur Mmrcus (1923—) Canadian chemist Ottawa, Canada and Pasadena, USA. 

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