Shock-Wave Chemistry

Shock Wave Chemistry and Ultrafine Diamond from Explosives in China 

Shock Wave Synthesis of Nanosized Composite Metal Oxides 

These results demonstrate that shock-wave synthesis is a novel method to prepare nanosized materials with some unique physical and chemical properties. In the light of the experimental results, nanosized zinc ferrite and nickel ferrite synthesized by shock-wave treatment may have potential applications as magnetic materials and photocatalysts. 

Shock Wave Activation and Modification of Inorganic Solids 

Under the action of a strong shock wave large numbers of defects are formed in solids, causing significant changes in their structure and properties. 

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Dremin, A.N. and Babare, L.V., The Shock Wave Chemistry of Organic Substances, in Shock Waves in Condensed Matter—1981 (Menlo Park), AlP Conference Proceedings 78 (edited by Nellis, W.J., Seaman, L., and Graham, R.A.), American Institute of Physics, New York, 1982, pp. 27-41. 

There are two main difficulties in the development of research work in shock wave chemistry. First, in order to understand the details of chemical reaction induced by shock waves, it is crucial to develop suitable in situ characterization techniques with high time resolution (at least to submicroseconds), high spatial resolution (to mm or, better, to pm), and high resolution for chemical species. These unsatisfied requirements must be met in order to achieve the identified research objectives. Since expensive, sophisticated instmments are necessary, a... 

Numerical Simulation Methods in Shock-Wave Chemistry... 

Shock Wave Chemistry and Ultrafme Diamond from Explosives 143... 

In shock-wave-chemistry research, compacts of solid powders are usually used as samples. Because of porosity, the samples are inhomogeneous and not a continuous medium, so models based on continuum physics are not suitable for the numerical simulation of these problems. A discrete meso-dynamic method (denoted as DM2) developed by Tang et al. in recent years is a better method for this purpose [20]. 

This model is based on quasimolecular dynamics, in which the medium is assumed to be composed of an assembly of meso-scale discrete particles (i.e., finite elements). The movement and deformation of the material system and its evolution are described by the aggregate movements of these elements. Two types of basic characteristics, geometrical and physical, are considered. In the geometrical aspect, shapes and sizes of elements and the manner of their initial aggregation and arrangement are the important factors. In the physical aspect, mechanical, physical, and chemical characteristics, such as the interaction potential, phase transition, and chemical reactivity may be the important ones. To construct this model, many physical factors, including interaction potential, friction of particles, shear resistance force, energy dissipation and temperature increase, stress and strain at the meso- and macro-levels, phase transition, and chemical reaction are considered. In fact, simulation of chemical reactions is one of the most difficult tasks, but it is the most important aspect in shock-wave chemistry. 

At the end of this chapter, we would like to appeal to more scientists and technicians of different specialties to take part in the research work of shock-wave chemistry in close collaboration in order to raise the research in this field to a higher level and to speed up the practical utilization of the achievements in these fields. 

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