Shock wave attenuator velocity

Shock wave velocity in an inert material as a function of the distance from the explosive charge/inert material interface is determined on the basis of view ing a laser beam that is reflected from the optical barriers in the inert material by a photomultiplier and an oscilloscope. From the plot of the shock wave velocity vs. distance (shock wave attenuation curve) obtained for an inert... 

When an "unconfined expl is fired while suspended freely in air the shock wave which develops in the air surrounding the cartridge will attenuate rapidly as it spreads laterally, and its front will maintain the same velocity as the deton wave, provided that the wave itself is steady. The front of the shock... 

Attenuation (decay) of shock waves (Refs 10, 37, 46, 77) Energy in shock waves (Refs 40 72) Ionization in shock waves (Ref 53) Light (luminescence) produced by shock waves (Refs 19 21) Spectra of shock waves (Ref 30) Temperature in shock waves (Refs 9, 38 48) Velocity of shock waves (Refs 18a, 24 ... 

Attenuation of shock waves in air as a function of distance was detd by R.G.Stoner W.Bleakney, JApplPhys 19, 670-8(1948) CA 42, 8475(1948). They measured the velocity of propagation produced on expin in air of chges TNT or 50/50 Pentolite 1.45 to 8 lb (either spherical or cylindrical in shape) and then caled peak pressures by applying the velocity-pressure relation derived from the Rankine-Hugoniot equations... 

In all the techniques described here, it is assumed that the shock wave is plane and parallel to the wedge-and-attenuator interface. The initial shock and particle velocity vs pressure in the wedge are obtained from a graphical solution involving the wedge density, early average shock velocity, and pressure in the... 

The amplified signals are recorded on a raster pattern upon which timing marks have been superimposed. Although an ideal shock wave would display a constant velocity, a real shock wave is usually attenuated with respect to its velocity. This non-ideal behaviour must be recorded in order to make corrections to the calculation of the density, pressure, and temperature of either the incident or reflected shock zones. 

The booster-and-attenuator system is selected to provide about the desired shock pressure in the sample wedge. In all but a few of the experiments on which data are presented here, the booster-and-attenuator systems consisted of a plane-wave lens, a booster expl, and an inert metal or plastic shock attenuator. In some instances, the attenuator is composed of several materials, The pressure and particle velocity are assumed to be the same on both sides of the attenuator-and-sample interface. However, because initiation is not a steady state, this boundary condition is not precisely correct. The free-surface velocity of the attenuator is measured, and the particle velocity is assumed to be about half that. The shock Hugoniot of the attenuator can be evaluated using the free-surface velocity measurement. Then, the pressure (P) and particle velocity (Up) in the expl sample are found by determining graphically the intersection of the attenuator rarefaction locus and the explosives-state locus given by the conservation-of-mom-entum relation for the expl, P = p0UpUs where Us = shock velocity and p0 = initial density. The attenuator rarefaction locus is approximated... 

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