Shell model of the nucleus

To avoid confusion with the shells of the shell model of the nucleus we shall refer to the layers of spherons by special names the mantle for the surface layer, and the outer core and inner core for the two other layers of a three-layer nucleus. 

These are derived frum a. lensui force resulting from a coupling between individual pairs of nucleons and from the coupling between spin and orbital angular moments of the individual nucleus, as described by the shell model of the nucleus. 

Danish physicist Aage Bohr (1922- ) and US physicists Benjamin Mottelson (1926- ) and Leo Rainwater (1917-86) combine the liquid-drop and shell models of the nucleus into a single theory. 

These observations can be understood in terms of the shell model of the nucleus, in which nucleons are described as residing in shells analogous to the shell structure for electrons in atoms. Just as certain munbers of electrons correspond to stable filled-shell electron configurations, so also the magic munbers of nucleons represent filled shells in nuclei. 

Shell model of the nucleus including strong spin-orbit coupling. [Blatt Communications.]... 

The shape of the belt of stability can be understood by recognizing that the protons and neutrons can, to a good approximation, be described as if they occupy individual quantum energy levels in much the same way that electrons in multielectron atoms are described as occupying individual elecbon orbitals (Chapter 2). This shell model of the nucleus was developed independently by Maria Goeppert-Mayer and by Hans Jensen and coworkers. The shell model has been successful at explaining a number of general trends related to nuclear stability ... 

Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen (1907-1973). German physicist. While a professor at the University of Heidelberg, he developed the shell model of the nucleus in 1949. For this work, he shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with Maria Goeppert-Mayer and Eugene Wigner. 

Some of the evidence for these magic numbers, and therefore for the shell model of the nucleus, is as follows. Many radioactive nuclei decay by emitting alpha particles, or He nuclei. There appears to be special stability in the 2He nucleus. It contains two protons and two neutrons that is, it contains a magic number of protons (2) and a magic number of neutrons (also 2). 

Shell model of the nucleus a nuclear model in which protons and neutrons exist in levels, or shells, analogons to the shell structure that exists for electrons in an atom. (21.1)... 

He met his future wife, Maria Goeppert (1906-1972) in Gottingen, Germany, when he was a postdoctoral researcher. They moved to the United States In 1930 and worked at the Johns Hopkins University, Columbia University, the University of Chicago, and the University of California at San Diego. Mrs. Goeppert Mayer worked without pay until 1959, when they moved to UCSD. She received the 1963 Nobel Prize in physics for her work on the shell model of the nucleus, which she had carried out while working without pay. 

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