Sheep rumen fluid

Cellulose and pectin extracts from soybean hulls and endosperm were characterized in terms of their rate of degradation in the presence of sheep rumen fluid.13313C CPMAS NMR was used to study the ultrastructural aspects of ultra-thin cellulose microfibrils extracted from sugar beet pulp during the purification procedure. It was found that crystallinity increases as the purification proceeds. A crystallite size of 4 nm was derived from the NMR results, in good agreement with the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations.134... 

Action pattern A was observed with extracellular, endopectate lyase of Bacillus polymyxa,4,240 with extra- and intra-cellular lyase of Erwinia carotovora,241 with extracellular enzyme of Xanthomonas campestris,23S and with lyase produced by Bacteroides ruminicola242 isolated from the rumen fluid of sheep.243... 

Abdullah, N., Hanita, H., Ho, Y.W., Kudo, H., Jaludin, S. and Ivan, M. (1995) The effects of bentonite on rumen protozoal population and rumen fluid characteristics of sheep fed palmkernel cakes. Asian Australia J. Animal Sci., 8, 249-254. 

Erbon administered perorally to sheep is metabolised to 2,4,S-trichlorophenol and 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)ethanol and is excreted mainly in the urine. Rumen fluid is able also to metabolise erbon in vitro into 2-(2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxy)ethanol. 

It has been shown 49) that if heliotrine is incubated in rumen fluid in the presence of vitamin B12 it is converted to the nontoxie 1-methylene derivative. This suggests that cobalt pellets might be used to protect sheep and cattle from chronic intoxication but so far this suggestion has not been confirmed 50). Treatment of poisoning is usually unrewarding, although some success has been claimed in the use of crystalline methionine for treating horses poisoned by Senecio 51). 

Nilsson A, Hill JL, Davids HL. An in vitro study of formononetin and biochanin A metabolism in rumen fluid from sheep. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 148(1), 92-98, 1967. 

Chiquette J, Cheng KJ, Rode LM, Milligan LP (1989) Effect of tannin content in two isosynthetic strains of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) on feed digestibility and rumen fluid composition in sheep. Can J Anim Sci 69 1031-1039... 

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different levels of tannins on rumen fluid traits and production performances in dairy sheep grazing a pasture initially rich in nitrogen and receiving restricted supplementation (250 g/d of concentrate per head). 

Rumen biochemistry traits are reported in Table 2. Proportions of C18 2 n6 and C18 3 n3 were increased by the inclusion of tannins. Ammonia tended to be reduced by the inclusion of tannin in the diet and markedly decreased from the first to the second sampling following the CP content in the pasture. In conclusion, tannins could be useful to modulate nitrogen utilization in sheep grazing forages in the growing phase. However, further studies are necessary to verify why the pattern of rumen fluid ammonia and milk urea did not correspond. 

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