Shear mode resonator

Some attempts to exploit sensor dynamics for concentration prediction were carried out in the past. Davide et al. approached the problem using dynamic system theory, applying non-linear Volterra series to the modelling of Thickness Shear Mode Resonator (TSMR) sensors [4], This approach gave rise to non-linear models where the difficulty to discriminate the intrinsic sensor properties from those of the gas delivery systems limited the efficiency of the approach. 

As an example of the use of array methodology to study chemical sensor properties let us consider the thirteen molecular structures reported in Figure 5. To investigate the sensing properties of these molecules we studied the behaviour of the response of thickness shear mode resonators (TSMR) sensors, each coated with a molecular film, to different concentration of various volatile compounds (VOC). Analyte compounds were chosen in order to have different expected interaction mechanisms. 

Martin SJ, Frye GC, Ricco AJ, Senturia SD (1993) Effect of surface-roughness on the response of thickness-shear mode resonators. Anal Chem 65 2910-2922... 

Note that the source tenn is non-zero only in regions where it varies spatially. This is an important consideration in the mechanism by which acoustic waves are launched in the thickness-shear mode resonators that we consider later. 

Figure 3.14 Cross-sectional view of a thickness-shear mode resonator with a polymer film coating the upper surface [40]. Shear displacement profiles are shown at maximum excursion. (Reprinted with permission. See Ref. 140]. > 1991 IEEE.)...

Equations 3.19 and 3.36 can be combined to find the change in (electrical) motional impedance that arises from a viscoelastic film on a thickness-shear mode resonator [40] ... 

Figure 6.1 The thickness-shear mode resonator (TSMR) the pair of electrical leads comprise a single port.

Acoustic wave devices, also known as shear mode resonating quartz crystal microbalances, employ an AT-cut quartz crystal operating in a shear mode for transduction of ssDNA-cDNA hybridization events. This transduction is monitored as mass change... 

Hierlemann, A. et al.. Conferring selectivity to chemical sensors via polymer side-chain selection Thermodynamics of vapor sorption by a set of polysiloxanes on thickness-shear mode resonators. Anal. Chem., 72, 3696, 2000. 

QCM can be described as a thickness-shear mode resonator, since weight change is measured on the base of the resonance frequency change. The acoustic wave propagates in a direction perpendicular to the crystal surface. The quartz crystal plate has to be cut to a specific orientation with respect to the ciystal axis to attain this acoustic propagation properties. AT-cut crystals are typically used for piezoelectric crystal resonators[7]. The use of quartz crystal microbalances as chemical sensors has its origins in the work of Sauerbrey[8] and King [9] who... 

Fietzek et al. studied various MPcs as sensitive coatings on QCM for the detection of a variety of VOCs [44]. They also used thickness shear mode resonators (TSMRs) to study the interaction of substituted phthalocyanines (PCs) with benzene, toluene. 

More complete theories of the operation of transverse shear mode resonators have been given by Kanazawa [11,12], Martin et al, [13,14], Lucklum and Hauptmann [15-17], Voinova, Jonson andKasemo [18], Johannsmann [19,20], Tsionsky [21] and Amau [22], In these theories, the electrical impedance of the QCM, Z, is complex. The impedance of a TSM resonator damped by a finite viscoelastic film can be described as the sum of two complex impedances ... 

IS THE TRANSVERSE SHEAR MODE RESONATOR A TRUE MICROBALANCE ... 

A Mass/Heat Flow Sensor Combining Shear Mode Resonators with Thermoelectrics Principles and Applications, IEEE Frequency Control Symposium. IEEE, Tampa, FL, 2003,1062-1065... 

Kaspar M et al (2000) Thickness shear mode resonators ( mass-sensitive devices ) in bioanalysis. Presenius J Anal Chem 366(6-7) 602-610... 

Bandey HL, Martin SJ, Cernosek RW, and Hillmann AR (1999) Modeling the responses of thickness-shear mode resonators under various loading conditions. Analytical Chemistry 71 2205-2214. 

The shear mode resonator consists of a thin disk of AT-cut quartz crystal with electrodes coated on both sides. The application of a voltage between these electrodes results in a shear deformation of the crystal due to its piezoelectric properties. The crystal can be electrically excited into a... 

Martin SJ, Frye GC, Wessendorf KO (1994) Scaising liquid properties with thickness-shear mode resonators. Sens Actuat A Phys 44 3) 209-218... 

Bund A, Schwitzgebel G (1998) Viscoelastic properties of low-viscosity liquids studied with thickness-shear mode resonators. Anal Chem 70(13) 2584-2588... 

Hilhnan AR, Jackson A, Martin SJ (2001) The problem of uniqueness of fit for viscoelastic films on thickness-shear mode resonator surfaces. Anal Chem 73 540-549... 

Behlrng C (1999) The non-giavimetric respmise of thickness shear mode resonators for sensm applications. Dissertation, Magdeburg University, Gtamany, p20... 

Bandey HL, Cernosek RW, Lee WE, Ondrovic LE. Blood rheological characterization using the thickness-shear mode resonator. Biosens Bioelectron 2004 19 1657-65. 

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