Shaft reactors

Fig. 12. Production of synthesis gas in three-2one shaft reactor furnace (38).

Deep Shaft process, in biological waste treatment, 25 905 Deep shaft reactor, 15 713, 714 Deep tank aeration, in biological waste treatment, 25 905... 

The deep shaft reactor is a very tall IL airlift reactor that has vertical partitions, and is built underground for the treatment of biological waste water. This reactor is quite different in its construction and performance from the simple IL airlift reactor with a vertical partition. In the deep-shaft reactor, air is injected into the downcomer and carried down with the flowing liquid. A very large liquid depth is required in order to achieve a sufficiently large driving force for liquid circulation. 

One of the more important alternatives to the blast furnace for the production of iron is direct reduction of pelletised ore in a shaft reactor. The reducing gas mixture is usually obtained by steam reforming of natural gas and flows upward,countercurrent to the downward flow of solids. Sponge iron obtained by direct reduction may be used directly in arc furnaces for steel production. 

Vertical or shaft reactor Fixed bed reactor Gravity flow Mainly for catalytic reactions, converting vapours from a first reactor Rubber pyrolysis Eoster Wheeler... 

Different types of reactors are utilized for a wide variety of pyrolysis applications, including processing of waste plastics. The worldwide waste plastic pyrolysis systems utilize the fixed-bed designs of vertical shaft reactors and dual fluidized-bed, rotary kiln and multiple hearth reactor systems. The type of reactor used is chiefly based on material to be pyrolyzed and expected products from the pyrolysis. Stainless steel shaking type batch autoclave and stainless steel micro tubular reactors have also been used extensively [14]. Fluidized-bed reactors have been extensively used in producing raw petrochemicals from the pyrolysis of waste plastics [22, 24]. 

FIGURE 9.6 Production of synthesis gas in a three-zone shaft reactor furnace. From Fisher, Kasbohm, and Rivero (1976). 

Whereas the reacticm in a simple shaft reactor is adiabatic and therefore requires a two-stage operation, the temperature profile along a countercurrent reactor is much more favorable. On entering the ring space between the reactor shell and the catalyst vessel at approximately 230 °C, the gas/steam mix flows downwards and then enters the tubes in the catalyst vessel. As it flows upward through these catalyst surrounded tubes, the mix is heated up to approximately... 

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