Sewage reuse

The application for sewage reuse was investigated and was applied to a sewage reuse process in Tokyo in 2003 (Sugimoto and Ogasawara, 2005). The appUcarions of water treatment for various raw water can be expected. 

Sugimoto, K., and Ogasawara, H. (2005). Development of a sewage reuse process using ozone-resistant membranes. In Proceedings International Forum on Water Industry Qingado 2005, Qingado, China, pp. 271-279. 

A notable example of controlled water reuse was utilization of secondary sewage effluent from the Back River Wastewater Treatment Plant in Baltimore by the Sparrows Point Works of Bethlehem Steel (6). The Sparrows Point plant was suppHed primarily by weUs located near the brackish waters of Baltimore harbor. Increased draft on the weUs had led to saltwater intmsion. Water with chloride concentration as high as 10 mg/L is unsuitable for many steelmaking operations. Rollers, for example, are pitted by such waters. However, treated effluent from the Back River Plant can be used for some operations, such as coke quenching, and >4 x 10 m /d (10 gal/d) are piped 13 km to Sparrows Point. This arrangement has proved economical to both parties for >40 yr. 

Before powdered carbon can be used commercially or reused for tertiary treatment of sewage effluents, a method of regeneration is required. The use of the fluidized bed for regeneration offers the key advantages of excellent temperature and atmosphere control and the ability to process the powdered solids conveniently and continuously. 

POSEIDON Assessment of technologies for the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage and drinking water facilities to improve the indirect potable water reuse, 2001-2004), which focussed on the removal capacity of WWTPs and waterworks for the main micro-pollutants... 

Wang, L.K. Recycling and reuse of filter backwash water containing alum sludge. Water Sewage... 

Figure 11.4 Reuse and disposal of sewage sludge in the UK between 1991 and 2004. Source http //www.environment-agency.gov.uk/.

Hillman, P. J. (1988). Health aspects of reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation. In Treatment and Use of Sewage Effluent for Irrigation. (M. B. Pescod and A. Arar, eds.). Butterworths, Sevenoaks, Kent. 

Di Bonito M. reviews the improved standards achieved with sewage sludge, touching on, in particular, the British experience in the field of regulating the disposal and reuse of these materials. 

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