Serum biological influences

Miller, I., Haynes, P., Gemeiner, M., Aebersold, R., Manzoni, C., Lovati, M.R., Vignati, M., Eberini, L, and Gianazza, E., 1998, Proteins of rat serum II. Influence of some biological parameters of the two-dimensional electrophoresis pattern. Electrophoresis 19 1493-1500. 

These forces of solvation, which result from ionic interaction, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds, and other dipole-dipole attactions are important in biological studies not only because they dictate the rate at which any solute can pass through various lipid membranes but because they also influence binding to proteins, to serum albumin in transport throughout the body, and to enzyme surfaces (I). 

Apart from the presence of proteins, several other factors can influence NM behavior in culture media, including the salt composition, the pH, or the buffer capacity. Using gold nanoparticles (AuNP) of three sizes Maiorano et al. [24] demonstrated that the nanoparticle-protein interactions are differendy mediated when AuNP are suspended in two common cell culture media (DMEM and RPMI) supplemented with fetal bovine serum. An increased protein coating and different size distribution were observed in AuNP suspended in DMEM in comparison to RPMI. Most impor-tantiy, differences were also found in the biological responses of two cell lines (HeLa and U937), as the intracellular internalization and cytotoxicity were higher in cells exposed to AuNP in RPMI, where the protein corona was less abundant. 

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