Serratus anterior

Digitations from anterior surfaces and superior borders of upper nine ribs. 

Ventral surface of vertebral border of scapula, from superior to inferior angles. 

Patient prone with arm dangling over edge of plinth. 

Latissimus dorsi if inserted too cephalad it will be in the teres major. 

Lateral Plantar Nerve, Tibial Nerve, Sciatic Nerve, Ventral Division Sacral Plexus, SI, S2. 

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In this technique, the patient uses the pector-aUs and serratus anterior muscles to elevate the anterior part of the rib as the physician pulls down on the posterior rib to aid anterior elevation... 

FIG. 7S-1A PINS thoracic cage point patterns. 1, pec-toralis minor 2, peotoralis major 3, rib dysfunction and intercostal muscles 4, serratus anterior. 

In the second phase (90 to 150 degrees), upward rotation of the scapula causes the glenoid fossa to tilt and face upwards as the humerus locks on the glenoid fossa. The trapezius and serratus anterior primarily contribute. The movement is restricted to some extent by the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi but is facilitated by concomitant rotations of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints. 

The scapulothoracic plane separates the body of the scapula and the subscapularis muscle from the thoracic surface, consisting of the superficial aspect of the serratus anterior muscle which overlies the ribs. This gliding plane allows the scapula and the glenoid cavity to tilt anteriorly and posteriorly around the rib cage during shoulder movements. In addition, the scapulothoracic articulation has an important role in shoulder abduction. 

From the anatomic point of view, the muscles of the shoulder may be subdivided into two main groups intrinsic musdes (subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major and deltoid), which originate and insert on the skeleton of the upper limb, and extrinsic muscles, which join the upper limb with either the spine (trapezius, latis-simus dorsi, levator scapulae and rhomboid) or the thoracic wall (serratus anterior, pectoralis minor... 

If needle electrode is inserted too caudally it will be in the serratus anterior if inserted too laterally it will be in the latissimus dorsi. 

In the rib cage, from the 5th to the 12th ribs (interdigitate with the serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi). The posterior edge remains free and blends with the posterior lumbar fascia. 

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