Sequence Format form

The Sequence Format form asks for the type of submission (single sequence, segmented sequence, or population, phylogenetic, or mutation study). For the last three types of submission, which involve comparative studies on related sequences, the format in which the data will be entered also can be indicated. The default is FASTA format (or raw sequence), but various contiguous and interleaved formats (e.g., PHYLIP, NEXUS, PAUP, and FASTA+ GAP) are also supported. These latter formats contain alignment information, and this is stored in the sequence record. 

By the time the concentration of monomer is low, the back-skip of the polymer chain to the less-hindered site is faster than the formation of the high-energy alkene coordinated intermediate (IV). For this reason, at low propene concentrations and elevated temperatures isotactic sequences are formed. The probability of monomer coordination at the aspecific site (IV) is enhanced when the propene concentration increases. The consequence is that single stereoerrors [mrrm] are introduced in the isotactic polymer chain. 13C-NMR was able to prove the mechanism because a... 

The initial approach to recombinant insulin production taken entailed inserting the nucleotide sequence coding for the insulin A- and B-chains into two different E. coli cells (both strain K12). These cells were then cultured separately in large-scale fermentation vessels, with subsequent chromatographic purification of the insulin chains produced. The A- and B-chains are then incubated together under appropriate oxidizing conditions in order to promote interchain disulfide bond formation, forming human insulin crb ... 

Hybridization can also be performed in solution phase. Since the capture probe is in solution, the kinetics of hybridization is faster than when the capture probe is immobilized. In the solution phase hybridization format, the capture probe is labeled with an affinity label such as biotin that captures the sample target sequence. The labeled probe then binds to the sample target sequence to form the sandwich. After the hybridization is complete, the sandwich is transferred to an affinity support such as avidin or streptavidin, which will capture the sandwich through the biotin-labeled capture probe. Sandwich hybridization performed in solution followed by capture on an affinity support has been referred to as affinity-based hybrid collection (Kl). 

Copolymerization is a facile method to diversify the structure of polymer materials. However, if the polymerizabiHties of comonomers are far from each other, copolymerization is essentially difficult, resulting in the formation of a mixture of the homopolymers and/or the copolymer with block sequences. This is the case for the anionic copolymerization of epoxide and episulfide, where the po-lymerizabihty of episulfide is much higher than that of epoxide, and the copolymer consisting mostly of -S-C-C-S- and -O-C-C-O- homo sequences is formed [87]. As mentioned in the previous sections, the zinc complex of /-methylpor-phyrin brings about polymerization of both epoxide and episulfide. 

Much the same activity is retained when the nitrogen atoms in the heterocyclic nucleus are shifted around. The convergent scheme to this related compound starts with the acylation of alanine (35-1) with butyryl chloride (35-2). The thus-produced amide (35-3) is then again acylated, this time with the half-acid chloride from ethyl oxalate in the presence of DMAP and pyridine to afford the intermediate (35-4). In the second arm of the scheme, the benzonitrile (35-5) is reacted with the aluminate (35-6), itself prepared from trimethyl aluminum and ammonium chloride, to form the imidate (35-7). Treatment of this intermediate with hydrazine leads to the replacement of one of the imidate nitrogen atoms by the reagent by an addition-elimination sequence to form (35-8). Condensation of this product with (35-4) leads to the formation of the triazine (35-9). Phosphorus oxychloride then closes the second ring... 

A mechanism called nucleation-condensation describes the folding.30,37,38 (The term nucleation-collapse is also used.39,40) This mechanism involves a nucleus that consists primarily of adjacent residues (Table 19.1). The nucleus does not form stable structure without assistance from interactions made with residues that are distant in sequence. Formation of the small nucleus cannot be solely rate-determining because a significant fraction of the overall structure... 

Halpern et al. had already stressed the importance of radical mechanisms in the oxidative addition and insertion reactions of both [Rh(OEP)]2 and Rh(OEP) [338]. Thus, [Rh(OEP)]2 reacted with trimethylphosphite according to sequence (37), forming a rhodiophosphonate Rh(PO OMe 2) (OEP) and methyl radicals which were subject to further reactions [339]. In the presence of excess P(OMe)3, they were trapped by formation of MePO(OMe)2 in more than stoichiometric quantities, indicating a radical chain process. 

A tandem RCM-alkene isomerization sequence to form 5-, 6-, and 7-membered enol ethers was reported by Snapper and co-workers <02JA13390> (Scheme 36). In this process the RCM reaction is run under an atmosphere of 95 5 N2.TI2 to convert the intermediate ruthenium alkylidene into an olefin-isomerization catalyst. Note that alkene migration can convert isomeric metathesis products into the same 2,3-enol ether. A single example of the formation of a 6-membered tosyl enamide was reported in this manuscript. 

Reduction of this intermediate by hydrogen transfer from 1,4-cyclohexa-diene in the presence of platinum leads to loss of the carbobenzoxy group and formation of the transient primary amine 119. The terminal primary amino group in that product then participates in a second addition-elimination sequence to form an eight-membered ring (120). Treatment of this intermediate with trimethylsilyl bromide then cleaves the ethyl ethers on phosphorus to give the free phosphonic acid and thus perzinfotel (121). ... 

As OH radicals are re-formed and are not involved in any termination sequence, formation of CH3CHO is not kinetically of importance at least in the initial stages of reaction. 

Fig. 1. CONREAL sequence input form. (A) Two sequences in Fasta format can be pasted into the text field or (B) provided in a plain text file or (C) sequences can be automatically retrieved from the Ensembl database using a gene name or keyword and a species name.

---