Separation technology, thermodynamic

We have at our disposal a large number of parameters known both from reference literature or experience. We should define a unique response or optimization parameter, and in case this does not work we should make an attempt with a general response. Since extraction refers to processes of separating phases, they are defined by several parameters-technologically, thermodynamically, economically, statistically, etc. Important and essential properties of the separation process are degree of separation of the required component, economy per finished product and quality of product. Growth of any of these parameters brings about a fall in others. 

Certain techniques for the application of thermodynamics in separation technology are introduced in Chapter 11, for example, the concept of residue curve maps, a general procedure for the choice of suitable solvents for the separation of azeotropic systems, the verification of model parameters prior to process simulation and the identification of separation problems. 

I 11 Applications of Thermodynamics in Separation Technology respect to benzene ... 

Many, but not all, reactor configurations are discussed. Process design, catalyst manufacture, thermodynamics, design of experiments (qv), and process economics, as well as separations, the technologies of which often are appHcable to reactor technology, are discussed elsewhere in the Eniyclopedia (see Catalysis Separation Thermodynamics). 

Other Technologies. As important as dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene is in the production of styrene, it suffers from two theoretical disadvantages it is endothermic and is limited by thermodynamic equiHbrium. The endothermicity requites heat input at high temperature, which is difficult. The thermodynamic limitation necessitates the separation of the unreacted ethylbenzene from styrene, which are close-boiling compounds. The obvious solution is to effect the reaction oxidatively ... 

The term compatibility is used extensively in the blend literature and is used synonymously with the term miscibility in a thermodynamic sense. Compatible polymers are polymer mixtures that do not exhibit gross symptoms of phase separation when blended or polymer mixtures that have desirable chemical properties when blended. However, in a technological sense, the former is used to characterize the ease of fabrication or the properties of the two polymers in the blend [3-5]. 

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