Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Artificial Atoms

Since the early studies on the quantum confinement effect in colloidal semiconductor QDs, electronic levels have been assigned according to the spherical symmetry of the electron and hole envelope functions [9, 48]. The simplistic 

The interplay between single-electron turmeling (SET) effects and quantum size effects in isolated nanoparticles can be experimentally observed most clearly when the charging energy of the dot by a single electron, E, is comparable to the electronic 

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