Semi-plumes

Semi-plumes have characteristics of both down and contour feathers. They tend to be short, with some downy barbs. They lie directly beneath the contour feathers, giving both support and insulation. 

Most of the evaluation of the He plumes in the ocean has been qualitative or semi-quantitative in nature. However, there are increasing attempts to incorporate He into Ocean General Circulation Models (OGCMs) in order to understand how such models ventilate the mid-depth and deep-water masses. An early attempt of He simulations in an OGCM has been documented by Farley et al. (1995). The results of the model simulations indicate that the model can roughly close the helium balance and reproduces most of the major observed features of the He field in the ocean. At the same time, the simulations show many shortcomings of the model and future work will contribute to... 

The time step is 0.4 seconds irtilizing a semi-implicit fluid flow guided matrix reordering solver. The seawater simulation has been calibrated with tidal and current measurements and wind data have been fed into the atmosphere simulation. Ideally the Henry coefficient shall be dependent on temperature and salinity fields supplied by the hydrodynamic computation. The numerical demonstrator shown in figure 3 shows the coupled simulation of tracer in sea and atmosphere. The differing plume travel-direction in sea (eastward) and atmosphere (southward) can be recognized. 

Semi-spherical plume clearly visible (low ns range). 

Atteia, O., and P.Hohener, Fast semi-analytical approach to approximate plumes of dissolved redox-reactive pollutants in heterogeneous aquifers. 2. Chlorinated EXhenss, Advances in Water Resources, 46 74-83, 2012. 

As above + H2 Semi-conductor Plumes of Meakandake and Knchinoeiabujima (Japan) 44,45... 

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