Self-healing polymers

Handbook of Metathesis VoL 3 Polymer Synthesis, Second Edition. 

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During the last years ROMP has been developed to generate self-healing polymers. In these polymers droplets of dicyclopentadiene and of Grubbs-catalyst are incorporated. When the polymer cracks the droplets burst open, the catalyst comes into contact with the monomer and the plastic ideally heals itself [111]. This methodology is still far from application but it does indicate the power of ROMP. 

IMPORTANT MATERIALS APPLICATIONS IV SELF-HEALING POLYMERS... 

Figure 5.45. Schematic illustrating the mode of action of self-healing polymers through embedded healing-agent microcapsules that are activated by a propagating crack. Also shown is a polymeric microcapsule following rupture. Reproduced with permission from White, S. R. Sottos, N. R. Geubelle, R H. Moore, J. S. Kessler, M. R. Sriram, S. R. Brown, E. N. Viswanathan, S. Nature, 2001, 409, 794. Copyright 2001 Macmillan Magazines.

We disregard mainly the inexhaustible apphcability of polymers. Artificial blood, plastic blood , is under consideration in some French hospitals to compensate for the lack of plasma in stock. Self-healing polymers have also been created. 

Brown EN, White SR, Sottos NR. Microcapsule induced toughening in a self-healing polymer composite. J Mater Sci 2004 39 1703-10. 

Self-healing polymers are defined as polymeric materials capable of reforming bonds, and healing, in response to damage [53]. This research is driven by the vision that, in the future, damaged materials may not have to be replaced so often. 

Diels-Alder (DA) cycloadditions are one convenient route for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds via a facile reaction under undemanding conditions [57]. As a thermoreversible reaction, DA cycloaddition does not require the addition of chemicals/catalyst to promote reaction [58]. This property makes it an ideal reaction for the synthesis of self-healing polymers. 

Yoon JA, Kamada J, Koynov K, Mohin J, Nicolay R, Zhang Y, Balazs AC, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K (2011) Self-healing polymer films based on thiol-disulfide exchange reactions and self-healing kinetics measured using atranic force microscopy. Macromolecules 45 142... 

Faghihnejad A, Feldman KE, Yu J, Tirrell MV, Israelachvili JN, Hawker CJ, Kramer EJ, Zeng H (2014) Adhesion and surface interactions of a self-healing polymer with multiple hydrogen-bonding groups. Adv Funct Mater 24 2322... 

Wilson GO, Caraso MM, Schelkopf SR, Sottos NR, White SR, Moore JS (2011) Adhesion promotion via noncovalent interactions in self-healing polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3 3072... 

Zhong, N., Post, W., 2015. Seh-repah of stmctural and functional composites with intrinsically self-healing polymer matrices a review. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 69,226-239. 

Keller, MW, Sottos, NR. 2006. Mechanical Properties of Microcapsules Used in a Self-Healing Polymer. Exp. Mech, 46, 725. 

Bernstein, B. 2006. Assessment of Self-Healing Polymer Technology for Utihty Overhead Apphcations. Electr. Insid. Mag., 22, 15. 

Fig. 30 Synthesis of two polydimethylsiloxane polymers containing tris-urea segments and images showing (a) native-damaged polymer Pi, (b) self-repaired polymer Pi, (c) mechanically cut polymer Pi, and (d) self-healed polymer Pi- Adopted with permission liom [20]. Copyright...

Furthermore, Schubert et al. synthesized new monomer maleimide methacrylate (MIMA) (Scheme 7), which can be copolymerized with MMA and FMA to form linear self-healing polymers with a methacrylate-based backbone containing the two corresponding functionalities, both furan and maleimide units, for the DA reaction in the side chain. No additional crosslinker is required to obtain a self-healing polymeric material, which represented the first one-component self-healing material and the healing process could be repeated multiple times [161],... 

Figure 34.23 Self-healing polymer blend, as described by Hayes et al. (a) Molecular structures of the pyrene-terminated polyamide and the polyimide reported in Ref. [95] (b) Schematic representation of...

Bilhet, S., Hillewaere, X.K.D., Teixeira, R.F.A., and Du Prez, F.E. (2013) Chemistry of crossUnking processes for self-healing polymers. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 34, 290-309. 

Heibst, F., Dbhler, D., Michael, P., and Binder, W.H. (2013) Self-healing polymers via supramolecular forces. Macromolecule Rapid Communications, 34, 203-220. 

Zhang, M.Q. and Rong, M.Z. (2012) Theoretical consideration and modeling of self-healing polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part B Polymer Physics, 50, 229-241. 

Trask, R.S., Williams, H.R. and Bond, l.P. (2(X)7) Self-healing polymer composites mimicking nature to enhance performance. Bioinspiration and Biomimetics, 2, 1-9. 

Mauldin, T.C. and Kessler, M.R. (2010) Self-healing polymers and composites. International Materials Reviews,... 

Brown, E.N., Sottos, N.R., and White, S.R. (2002) Fracture testing of a self-healing polymer composite. Experimental Mechanics, 42, 372-379. 

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