Self-efficacy

Help patient set a quit date (one of the most important strategies). Remove all tobacco products the night before the quit date. Follow-up with patient on the quit date or next day to support self-efficacy. 

Self-efficacy. Client mastery that shows both competence and confidence to succeed at reaching a goal or completing a task successfully. 

Beyond using measures that assess patterns and consequences of drug use, therapists and counselors may want to consider assessing other psychosocial factors that have been shown to be important in predicting successful (or unsuccessful) therapy and treatment outcomes (as discussed in Chapter 1). There are well-established measures for measuring psychosocial factors such as expectancies, mood and emotions, self-efficacy, the ability to problem solve and use... 

Poor coping in high-risk situations may cause lowered self-efficacy and increased positive expectancies for drug use. True or False ... 

For whatever reason, the client may not successfully negotiate the high-risk situation in a way that averts the risk. Unsuccessful coping may cause two unfortunate events to occur. The first is a reduction in her or his self-efficacy to successfully cope with the situation without drug use. As you may remember, self-efficacy involves the sense of mastery of a situation that results from competence and confidence. Client competence and confidence can take a beating when a high-risk situation is not handled effectively. 

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy The exercise of control. New York W. H. Freeman. 

Sklar, S. M., Annis, H. M., Turner, N. E. (1997). Development and validation of the Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire A measure of coping self-efficacy. Addictive Behaviors, 22, 655-670. 

Restructuring, or positive labelling of experiences and utterances of the client, is used to provide a different, more positive, meaning for the client s experiences, behaviour or feelings. If clients have predominantly negative views of their experiences, behaviours or feelings, then the use of restructuring by the therapist creates a more positive interpretation for them. The therapist helps the client to construe events more positively—an important process in the development of self-esteem and self-efficacy expectations. 

The complexity of integrating research elements into the laboratory environment is counterbalanced by the impact that early research experiences can have on students. Integrating research into the undergraduate curriculum is complicated and difficult at times however, the positive impacts on students are immense. The retention of students in the sciences because of their increased research self-efficacy is reason enough to face the challenge. 

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