Self bundling

Wang X, Zhang K, Zbu M, Yu H, Zhou Z, Chen Y and Hsiao B S (2008) Continuous polymer nanofiber yarns prepared by self-bundling electrospinning method, Po/ /mer 49 2755-2761. 

Figure 2.12 (a) Schematics of the mechanism of the self-bundling electrospinning... 

Wang ZLetal 1998 Bundling and interdigitation of adsorbed thiolate groups in self-assembled nanoorystal superlattioes J. Phys. Chem. B 102 3068... 

For the case of intramolecular energy transfer from excited vibrational states, a mixed quantum-classical treatment was given by Gerber et al. already in 1982 [101]. These authors used a time-dependent self-consistent field (TDSCF) approximation. In the classical limit of TDSCF averages over wave functions are replaced by averages over bundles of trajectories, each obtained by SCF methods. 

Tube bundles are designed to be rigid and self-contained and are mounted so that they expand indepeudently of the supporting structure. 

Work on the production and oxidation of SWNT samples at SRI and other laboratories has led to the observation of very long bundles of these tubes, as can be seen in Fig. 2. In the cleanup and removal of the amorphous carbon in the original sample, the SWNTs self-assemble into aligned cable structures due to van der Waals forces. These structures are akin to the SW nanotube crystals discussed by Tersoff and Ruoff they show that van der Waals forces can flatten tubes of diameter larger than 2.5 nm into a hexagonal cross-sectional lattice or honeycomb structure[17]. 

The microtubule-associated proteins MAP2 and tau both have two separate functional regions (Lewis et al., 1989). One is the microtubule-binding site, which nucleates microtubule assembly and controls the rate of elongation (by slowing the rate of assembly). The second functional domain shared by MAP2 and tau is a short C-terminal a-helical sequence that can cross-link microtubules into bundles by self-interaction. This domain has some of the properties of a leucine zipper. Likely it is responsible for the organization of microtubules into dense stable parallel arrays in axons and dendrites (Lewis et al., 1989). 

Action potentials, self-propagating. Action potentials of smooth muscle differ from the typical nerve action potential in at least three ways. First, the depolarization phases of nearly all smooth muscle action potentials are due to an increase in calcium rather than sodium conductance. Consequently, the rates of rise of smooth action potentials are slow, and the durations are long relative to most neural action potentials. Second, smooth muscle action potentials arise from membrane that is autonomously active and tonically modulated by autonomic neurotransmitters. Therefore, conduction velocities and action potential shapes are labile. Finally, smooth muscle action potentials spread along bundles of myocytes which are interconnected in three dimensions. Therefore the actual spatial patterns of spreading of the action potential vary. 

Self-assembled nanorods of vanadium oxide bundles were synthesized by treating bulk V2O5 with high intensity ultrasound [34]. By prolonging the duration of ultrasound irradiation, uniform, well defined shapes and surface structures and smaller size of nanorod vanadium oxide bundles were obtained. Three steps which occur in sequence have been proposed for the self-assembly of nanorods into bundles (1) Formation of V2O5 nuclei due to the ultrasound induced dissolution and a further oriented attachment causes the formation of nanorods (2) Side-by-side attachment of individual nanorods to assemble into nanorods (3) Instability of the self-assembled V2O5 nanorod bundles lead to the formation of V2O5 primary nanoparticles. It is also believed that such nanorods are more active for n-butane oxidation. 

Tauliq-Yap YH, Wong YC, Zainal Z, Hussein MZ (2009) Synthesis of self-assembled nanorod vanadium oxide bundles by sonochemical treatment. J Nat Gas Chem 18 312-318... 

Leccese, A.R, Lyness, W.H. The effects of putative 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor active agents on D-amphetamine self-administration in controls and rats with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine median forebrain bundle lesions. Brain Res. 303 153, 1984. 

Figure 6.8 Phthalocyanine 63 self-assembles in chloroform to give bundles of micrometer length fibers. Single fibers have diameter of 50 A (highlighted between arrows) and can be envisaged as nanowires (top left). Chiral derivative 64 forms left-handed super helices (top right) due to chirality within side chains. This chiral expression can be turned-off by addition of K+ ions, which bind within the crown-ether part of the molecule, forcing the phthalocyanines to be stacked directly on top of each other, resulting in straight wires (bottom left).

One of the advantages of the hyper-Kahler structure is that one can identify two apparently different complex manifolds with one hyper-Kahler manifold. Namely, a hyper-Kahler manifold X, g, I, J, K) gives two complex manifolds (X,/) and (X, J), which are not isomorphic in general. For example, on a compact Riemann surface, the moduli space of Higgs bundles and the moduli space of flat PGLr(C)-bundles come from one hyper-Kahler manifold, namely moduli space of 2D-self-duality equation (see [36] for detail.)... 

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