Sedimented layer height

Meniscus height Sediment layer height Spacing between parallel flat plates, charged flat plates, and flat electrodes in electrolytic cell Specific enthalpy... 

The sedimentation velocity of the flocculated particles is determined by plotting the height of the sedimentation layer (H) as a function of time. Three types of plots exist, depending on the volume fraction of the floes (cp), as shown in Figure 4.37 ... 

In order to quantify the sedimentation of suspended particles, the ratio R of sedimentation layer volume (l/j) to total suspension volume may be used. A measure of sedimentation may also be obtained from the height of the sedimented layer (h ) in relation to the initial height of the suspension (/iq). 

Figure 7.28 Zone sedimentation in a suspension, (a) The various zones are delineated, showing the clear layer at the top of the suspension and the sedimented layer at the bottom immediately above this layer is a region in which the particles are crowded and begin to be compressed to form sediment (b) The height of the interface between the clarified zone and the suspension as a function of time.

One particularly useful method of illustrating the interactions in suspoemulsions is to compare the total observed sediment plus cream height with that based on simple additivity. This is illustrated for chlorothalonil/tridemorph suspoemulsions in Figure 11.16, from which it can be observed that the sediment-H cream heights were smaller than would be expected from simple additivity. It is possible that the small suspension particles had become trapped between the larger oil droplets in the cream layer, and that the small suspension particles had become entrapped between the larger suspension particles. Some deformation of the oil droplets may also have occurred in the sedimented layer. 

Polydispersity. In practice, we are often interested in the amount of material arriving in the sediment (or cream) layer per unit time. An instrumental relation results if v is divided by the maximum sedimentation distance (height of the liquid) H by using the Stokes velocity we obtain... 

Accordingly, it is possible to find the height of the established sediment layer... 

Classical techniques for measuring the sedimentation behavior include taking samples with a pipette, measurement of height of sediment layer at the bottom, and use of balance pan to measure the weight of settled particles. Modern sedimentometers make use of the diffraction pattern of a light beam, the power loss of an x-ray, or a Doppler shift of a laser beam. The... 

The goal of the lDV-model is to calculate the time-dependent continuous vertical concentration profile of a compound, Cw(z,t), where the depth coordinate z is the height above the deepest point of the lake (thus the vertical coordinate z is chosen as positive upward). Let us consider a horizontal layer of thickness Az confined by the cross sections at depthz and z + Az,A(z) and A(z + Az), respectively (Fig. 23.6). The volume of the layer, AF, can be approximated by A(z)Az, and the sediment contact area AA by [A(z + Az) - A(z)]. Note that bottom slopes of lakes are commonly so small that AA, the horizontal projection of the inclined sediment surface, is usually a good approximation for the real contact area between water and sediment surface. In... 

MFI crystals were also formed to some extent inside the support pores as well as a discontinuous layer of MFI crystals was formed at the bottom of the support even if the support was placed with its bottom on that of the autoclave. The shape of the particles in the discontinuous bottom layer was different (coffinlike) from that of the top layer (spherical). From experiments with different positions (horizontal versus vertical at different heights in the autoclave) it was concluded that sedimentation on the support of nuclei formed in the solution followed by further growth on the support surface plays a role as well as preferred nucleation directly on the support surface. 

Figure 11. Separation of treated and untreated human erythrocytes by low-electric-field electrophoresis. Human erythrocytes (5 x 107) treated with neuraminidase are mixed with 5 x 107 untreated erythrocytes to a final volume of 5 ml and layered onto a linear gradient of 1.5-cm height. Electrophoresis proceeds for 25 min at 5°C at a constant current of 90 mA. An identical suspension is subjected to velocity sedimentation at unit gravity only. (O) Separation at unit gravity ( ) separation at unit gravity and by electrophoresis. Areas under the migration profile are depicted in shading. Gravity and electric forces act in the same direction (to the right). (Figures 8—11 reproduced with kind permission of the editor of Anal. Biochem.)...

Here, nM is the number density of air molecules, n(r) that of particles with radius r, and v(r) is the sedimentation velocity. For an isothermal atmosphere, nM = n°M exp(-z/H), with H being the scale height. For simplicity we shall neglect the variation of Kz with height in the boundary layer and assume a constant Kz = 20 m2/s. The above equation then has the solution... 

Fig. 3.19 Schematic representation of a Lander System which is also used in the deep sea. The machinery sinks freely, without any attachment, to the ocean floor where it carries out measurements and returns back to the surface after the release of ballast. The depicted version stands about 2-3 m in height. It is designed to conduct incubation experiments at the ocean floor, yet similar landers are used to record/ monitor in situ microprofiles of the oxygen concentration through the sediment/bottom water boundary layer. The perspective shows only two of the three feet upon which the lander stands (after Jahnke and Christiansen 1989).

At sedimentation in the inclined channel particles are deposited not only at the bottom of the channel, as in the vertical channel, but also on the lateral wall. The sedimentation velocity is determined by the rate of decrease of height H of the suspension layer. At sedimentation, a layer of pure liquid is formed above the surface of the suspension. The thickness of this layer is far less than the... 

Denote by C2 (z) the volume concentration of drops of kind 2 that will remain in the cross-sectional layer at height z after the large drops that were initially in the layer above z pass through the layer z. The sedimentation rate of small drops is much lower than that of large ones, therefore for simplicity s sake, we can assume that there is no settling of small drops. Then after the sedimentation of large drops in the layer 0 < z < H is completed, the ratio of the volume of remaining drops to the total initial volume of drops will be equal to... 

Figure 8 A high-frequency, 5 Hz record averaged to hourly time series of OBS turbidity (SSC), in relation to significant wave height, Hsi cross-shore current, LA and longshore current, V, for the North Sea nearshore zone at Holdemess, UK. Data from Feb. 1996 water depth 16.8 m. The OBS here has been deployed within BLISS (Boundary Layer Intelligent Sensor System). (From Blewett J and Huntley D (1999) Measurement of suspended sediment transport processes in shallow water off the Holdemess coast, UK. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37(3-7) 134-143.)...

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