Sedimentation clarification

Appendix D presents the U.S. EPA data on a full-scale treatment of aluminum forming waste-water by chromium reduction, chemical precipitation, and sedimentation clarification. Chromium reduction, as described in detail by Wang, Hung and Shammas,9 is an important step prior to... 

Full Scale Treatment of Aluminum Forming Wastewater by Chromium Reduction, Chemical Precipitation, and Sedimentation Clarification... 

The mechanism for sedimentation (clarification) is based on the density difference between SS and liquid. In addition, SS with larger particle sizes can settle down more easily. Rectangular tanks, circular tanks, combination flocculator-clarifiers, and stacked multilevel clarifiers can be used.14 Oliveira et al.15 reported that flocculation and sedimentation were conducted in the cassava meal industry and reduced the effluent concentration of organics from 14,000 to 2000 mg/L in the bench-scale reactor, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 37 min. 

Fouling of internal surfaces of pipe systems by contained solids can cause heavy corrosion and erosion. De-sludging, sedimentation, clarification, and filtration arrangements should be made. 

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