Sedative-hypnotics Benzodiazepines Glutethimide

Sedatives (also called hypnotics, sedative-hypnotics, minor tranquilizers, antianxiety agents) Secobarbital (barbiturate) Glutethimide (nonbarbiturate hypnotic) Diazepam (benzodiazepine antianxiety agent) Chloral hydrate (miscellaneous hypnotic) alcohol ( substance )... 

Acute kidney injury has also been associated with a variety of sedatives and hypnotics including barbiturates, benzodiazepines, glutethimide and dilorpro-mazine [107,108,119]. The acute kidney injury is usually related to rhabdomyolysis but the classical clinical picture of acute interstitial nephritis has been reported in one patient with the use of diazepam, although no renal biopsy was performed [186]. In fhose patients with rhabdomyolysis, multiple seizures often develop prior to the rhabdomyolysis and others are febrile at the time. However, the most common presentation is that of a young person without a prior medical history who presents with coma-stupor of one to several days duration, variable signs of volume depletion, limb compression and follows the typical course of acute tubular necrosis with a high likelihood of renal recovery [107-109]. 

Benzodiazepines. After the first phase of the launch of heterocyclic sedative-hypnotics, as exemplified by glutethimide and methyprylone, most significant milestones were reached by Roche. In 1960, Roche launched Librium (chlordiazepoxide)and in 1963, Valium (diazepam). These two compounds were the first two 1,4-benzodiazepine class compounds launched in the world. Subsequently a number of companies launched several other 1,4-benzodiazepines for a number of indications (sedative-hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant). 

Meprobamate is an antianxiety agent. It produces CNS depressant action at multiple sites, including thalamic and limbic systems. It is indicated in the management of anxiety (see Table 9). Many drugs with diverse structures have been used for their sedative-hypnotic properties, including paraldehyde (introduced before the barbiturates), chloral hydrate, ethchlorvynol, glutethimide, methyprylon, ethinamate, and meprobamate (introduced just before the benzodiazepines). 

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