Security margins

Overcultivation Syndrome Overcultivation of marginal land Destabilization of ecosystems, loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, desertification, threats to food security, marginalization, rural exodus... 

In some ways a security margin was being sought, because there was a lack of precise knowledge about the sensitivity of the aquatic organisms (Stephan et al., 1985). In addition, a more realistic prediction of the aquatic community concentration threshold was expected to be made. The system was easy and fast because it was based on a lethal concentration obtained from one or several species. 

The kind of variation recommended by Box is a two-level factorial design around the usual operating conditions, as illustrated schematically in Fig. 3.11. It is best to vary only two or three factors at a time, to facilitate the analysis of the results. The extent of the variations is a matter that should be pondered and decided by the production personnel themselves. They always have a good idea about the security margin of the process, and can make the necessary variations without running excessive risks. 

Practically eliminating design security margins on design firing-rate capabilities ... 

In reality, several thousands of ions repulse each other by Coulomb forces and the field and the vacuum are not ideal. Consequently, the trajectory of an ion in the quadrupole is not rigorously the one defined by the Mathieu equation and it is best to keep a security margin according to the slope of the scanning line to avoid resolution problems. 

For any proposed suppression system design, it is necessary to ascribe with confidence an effective worst-case suppressed maximum explosion overpressure Pred.max- Provided that the suppressed explosion overpressure is less than the process equipment pressure shoclc resistance and provided further that this projected suppression is achieved with a sufficient margin of safety, explosion protection security is assured. These two criteria are mutually independent, but both must be satisfied if a suppression system is to be deployed to provide industrial explosion protection. 

Mathematical models require computation to secure concrete predictions. Successes in relatively simple cases spurs interest in more complex situations. Somewhat specialized computer hardware and software have emerged in response to these demands. Examples are the high-end processors with vector architecture, such as the Cray series, the CDC Cyber 205, and the recently announced IBM 3090 with vector attachment. When a computation can effectively utilize vector architecture, such machines will out-perform even the most powerful conventional scalar machine by a substantial margin. Such performance has given rise to the term supercomputer. ... 

Settlements can be estimated, although the margin for error is large. Secure commercial hazardous waste landfills have the smallest displacement, <1.5%. Displacements at new larger solid waste landfills can be estimated at 15%, while older, unregulated facilities with mixed wastes have settlements of up to 50%. 

Nutritional problem is the key issue along with food security in Bangladesh today. A small percentage of the people have access to nutritious food, whilst the majority is forced to survive on subsistence diets that are unbalanced and devoid of essential food ingredients (MoA-UNPD 2000). Generally, landless and marginal farmers are at... 

Isocyanides similar to 3 have been found to be thermally unstable at temperatures above 80°C. To secure a margin of safety, avoid heating 3 and similar isocyanides at temperatures above 35-40°C. 

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