Secondary waste treatment

Secondary Waste Treatment Treatment of dunnage (paper and wood waste products) A dunnage incinerator was included in die baseline designs but has not been used. At JACADS, dunnage was burned in the MPF. If dunnage is proven to be uncontaminated, it will be shipped off site. Otherwise it will be burned in the MPF. 

Will residuals from treatment of secondary waste require subsequent treatment To meet GPLs or STELs To satisfy CWC requirements To satisfy environmental regulatory requirements In some cases, even residuals from secondary waste treatment may require additional treatment to meet die various standards listed. 

The CWC established a schedule of chemicals that are controlled under the CWC. Several of the agent degradation products are designated under CWC Schedule 2, and their manufacture and distribution in commerce is controlled. If secondary wastes contain Schedule 2 chemicals, additional scrutiny from CWC inspectors may be required during secondary waste treatment or disposal. 

Secondary waste treatment is unlikely to be necessary to reduce concentrations to GPLs or STELs for any of the EDS secondary wastes. With respect to CWC requirements, neutralent could contain CWC Schedule 2 compounds above levels of concern to the CWC, and in this case subsequent treatment would be required. Solid and gaseous secondary wastes meet CWC requirements. 

Some treatment options, such as the use of stockpile incinerators, would destroy the non-stockpile item directly. Others, especially those involving chemical neutralization, generate liquid secondary waste streams that require further treatment before disposal. This secondary waste treatment could take place in a commercial treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSDF) or could employ one or more of the individual alternative technologies, such as chemical oxidation, either at the site where chemical neutralization takes place or at an off-site location. If secondary waste is defined as hazardous waste, such treatment would need to be conducted at a commercial TSDF permitted or approved by the appropriate regulatory authority under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). 

Because SCANS is expected to use the same basic neutralization and secondary waste treatment processes as the RRS, public concerns about the two are expected to be similar. However, SCANS provides a much faster response capability than does the RRS and a much smaller deployment footprint. These features are expected to be viewed as advantages by local public stakeholders at sites where individual CAIS vials or bottles are recovered. 

Preliminary results on the direct destruction of simulated CAIS vials in a batch SCWO reactor appear promising however, it remains unclear how widely applicable this approach is to the range of vials and bottles (and the wide range of vial contents) that make up CAIS sets (NRC, 1999a). Direct treatment of CAIS in a batch SCWO has the advantage that no secondary waste streams that require further treatment would be generated however, the cost-effectiveness of this approach, especially relative to the SCANS plus secondary waste treatment, is unclear. 

In some cases, secondary waste treatment could be deployed to the site where primary treatment is conducted. Given potential public opposition to sending secondary wastes off-site, this may be the preferred option. However, as indicated previously, secondary wastes from mobile treatment technologies are not expected to contain amounts of chemical agent or other chemicals that would render the materiel acutely hazardous. The committee believes that this materiel may safely be transported off-site or off-installation to a TSDF for treatment. In this case, the treatment would be conducted under the permit for an off-site TSDF. If the permit for the off-site TSDF is not written broadly enough to allow treatment of these secondary wastes, it may need to be modified. In this case, provisions for permit modification should be considered well ahead of initial treatment of the NSCWM. See Appendix F for additional information on RAP alternatives. 

Thackston E L 1973 Secondary waste treatment for a small diversified tannery. US-EPA Rept EPA-R2-73-209 Environ Protect Agency Washington DC, 75 p... 

FIGURE 5.8 Trickling filter for secondary waste treatment. Wastewater is sprayed from holes in a rotating pipe onto a bed of rocks or other solid materials coated with microorganisms that metabolize biodegradable materials in the wastewater. 

Figure 13.2 Trickling filter for secondary waste treatment.

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