Scopulariopsis

Trimethyl arsine [593-88-4] C H As, has been identified as the toxic volatile arsenical, once known as "Gosio gas," produced by the reaction of certain molds that grow on wallpaper paste and react with inorganic arsenic compounds present in the paper. A number of microorganisms can methylate arsenic trioxide and other arsenic-containing compounds to yield trimethylarsine. These microorganisms include Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Candida humicola and Gliocladium roseum (72). 

Other workers including Jakubowski et. al. (1983) have found many different yeast and mould contaminants comprising most of the well known biodeteriogenic species such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Penicillium, Scopulariopsis, Saccharomyces and Torula. In addition, the author has also isolated Rhodotorula and Sporobolornyces on a number of occasions. 

According to Challenger (127), arsenate is transformed to trimethyl-arsine by the mold Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, by sequential reduction and oxidative methylation of the arsenic species (Fig. 7). The proposed intermediates in the pathway were MMA, DMA, and TMAO. Although Challenger could not detect these compounds, when they were added to a culture of S. brevicaulis trimethylarsine was formed. Challenger (129) considered that the likely source of methyl groups was S-adeno-sylmethionine (AdoMet), which had previously been identified as an... 

Challenger and Liu (25) found that 3-methiolpropionate or 3-mercapto-pyruvate caused DMS formation by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Labarre and Bory (24) observed the conversion of 2-mercaptoacetate to a mixture of HjS and methanethiol by Clostridium oedematicus but mechanisms were not investigated probably a thiol S-methyltransferase catalyzes methanethiol synthesis from sulfide or via an S-methyl derivative of 2-mercaptoacetate. 

Phoma fimentF Rhizopus stolonifer Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Scopulariopsis fusca Talaromyces spp. Trichoderma spp. Trichoderma viride ... 

Onychomycosis Caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. S. brevicaulis is the most common cause of onychomycosis by molds, presenting with a cinnamon discoloration of the toenails. Direct examination reveals the distinctive, lemonshaped conidia taking up Parker s stain quickly. On agar with cycloheximide the partially resistant fungus grows slowly. Therapy is problematic, local therapy may be tried after removal. 

Species included are Penicillium, Beauveria, Acremonium, Fusarium and Scopulariopsis, with an everexpanding list of organisms involved in human disease. 

The discoverj( of the stereoselective biomethylation of a prochiral arsinic acid by a microorganism opens up an exdting new route to optically active tertiary arsines. Numerous microorganisms reductively methylate arsenic(V) compounds . The biological synthesis of (+)-126 by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was described in 1936. At that time, however, it was not recognized that simple tertiary arsines chiral at arsenic were configurationally stable and amenable to optical resolution. 

Ethyl-n-propylarsinic acid has been converted to ethylmethyl-n-propylarsine by the mould Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (equation 60) . 

Baths and saunas Generally Cephalosporium, Geotrichum, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Chrysogenum, Fusarium, Mucor, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Verticillium... 

Gates et al. 1997), and the aerobic filamentous fungus Scopulariopsis brevicauUs from Sb203 as substrate with dimethylanti-mony as an intermediate (Jenkins et al. 

Andrewes P, Cullen WR and Polishchuk E (2000a) Antimony biomethylation by scopulariopsis brevicaulis Characterization of intermediates and the methyl donors. Chemosphere 41 1717-1725. 

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