Scopolamine flux

Figure 1. Effect of Concentration on Scopolamine Flux Through Human Epidermis (Epidermis A)...

The belladonna alkaloids (atropine, belladonna tincture, 1-hyoscyamine sulfate [anaspaz, levsin, others], and scopolamine), and combinations with sedatives e.g., phenobarbital [donnatal, others] or butabarbital [buhbel]), antianxiety agents e.g., chlordiazepoxide [librax, others], or ergotamine [bellamine]) also have been used in a wide variety of conditions of irritable bowel and increased tone (spasticity) or motility of the GI tract. Pharmacotherapy of inflammatory bowel disease is discussed in Chapter 38. Therapy of disorders of bowel motility and water flux are discussed in Chapter 37. 

In addition, the supplementation with precursors may improve product formation because the flux through the biosynthetic pathway may be limited by the availability of some intermediates [49]. Methylputrescine, phenylalanine and tropic acid were able to effectively increase hyoscyamine and scopolamine production when they were added from the beginning of the incubation [49], It is worth to consider that the precursor should be easily available and not expensive. The concentration, time of incorporation and the relationship with the product to be synthesized should be considered. 

---