Schulze-Hardy rule and the critical coagulation concentration CCC

8 Schulze-Hardy rule and the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) 

The added electrolyte causes a compression of the diffuse parts of the double layers around the particles and even may exert a specific effect though ion adsorption into the Stem layer. The particles coagulate when the range of double-layer repulsive interactions is sufficiently reduced to permit particles to approach close enough for the van der Waals attractive forces to predominate. 

The critical coagulation concentration, often abbreviated as CCC, is the minimum concentration of an (inert) electrolyte that is just sufficient to coagulate a dispersion. By coagulate we usually mean a visible 

Data from Shaw (1992) and from Pashley and Karaman (2004). 

Example 10.3. Schulze-Hardy rule and colloid stability. 

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