Schistosoma larva

Urine specimens usually are examined for the eggs of Schistosoma haemotobium or the trophozoites of Trichomonas vaginalis, although occasionally the larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis may be found in patients with hyperinfection syndrome. Urine is the usual specimen for the diagnosis of Trichomonas infection in males. See below (Vaginal Material) for culture method. Urine is centrifuged, and the sediment is examined microscopically. 

Wippersteg, V., Kapp, K., Kunz, W. and Grevelding, C.G. (2002c) Characterisation of the cysteine protease ER60 in transgenic Schistosoma mansoni larvae. International journal for Parasitology 32, 1219-1224. 

Fryer, S.E., Bender, R.C. and Bayne, C.J. (1996) Inhibition of cysteine proteinase from Schistosoma mansoni larvae by alpha-macroglobulin from the plasma of Biomphalaria glabrata. Journal of Parasitology 82, 343-347. 

Harrop, R., Coulson, P.S. and Wilson, R.A. (1999) Characterization, cloning and immunogenicity of antigens released by lung-stage larvae of Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitology 118, 583-594. 

McKerrow, J.H., Keene, W.E., Jeong, K.H. and Werb, Z. (1983) Degradation of extracellular matrix by larvae of Schistosoma mansoni. I. Degradation by cercariae as a model for initial parasite invasion of host. Laboratory Investigations 49, 1 95-200. 

Silberstein, D.S. and David, J.R. (1986). Tumor necrosis factor enhances eosinophil toxicity to Schistosoma mansoni larvae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 1055-1059. 

Schistosoma haematobium Larvae enter through skin from water Infects liver, spleen, intestine ... 

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